【作者】 焦岚；

【导师】 葛鲁嘉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 世界的物质化发展与精神化发展如车之双轮，同步趋动。社会不断推动物质世界的发展已成为人类永恒的动力。同时，人类又无时无刻的不在追求精神世界的极大丰富。人类社会发展的进程中，从来没有间断对物质世界推动的信心和对精神世界丰富的信念。随着人类进步的车轮不断撵过，物质世界已经得到较高的发展，人类的物质生活水平不断提升。然而，人类精神生活追赶的脚步却似乎相对滞后，这必将促使人类对精神生活产生更为广泛的关注。长期以来，世界各国的研究者们非常关注生活质量问题，关注焦点也主要以物质生活质量和精神生活质量为核心。生活质量是人类为了自身更好的生存而追求的永恒生活主题，关于生活质量的研究，则是探讨人为什么生活和怎样生活的核心问题。生活质量研究始于20世纪50年代末60年代初，自生活质量研究被提出，受到许多研究者的关注，经济学、社会学、生态学、文化学等从不同角度对生活质量进行探索。社会学关注的是在个人与社会的关系过程中把握生活质量；经济学关注的是通过社会经济发展和生活水平获得的生活质量；生态学关注的是将生活质量看作是一个内在因素，并在与人口和环境要素互动关系中不断变化；文化学关注的是文化传承、发展变迁和冲突中感受现实的生活状态和生活体验。这些研究互相补充和拓展，使生活质量研究不断深入，并形成不同视域下的生活质量观。近年来，随着社会物质生活质量的提升，人们将关注的视线转移到了人类生活的幸福程度方面，通过对人幸福感的研究，揭示人类物质生活带给人类精神生活的满足程度。特别是一些心理学家，从心理生活入手，探索主体人的心理生活体验及物质生活质量对人心理生活产生的巨大影响，并力图揭示物质生活质量对人心理生活质量的促进作用。生活质量应当体现在物质生活水平达到一定程度的人们对精神生活质量的要求，也就是说更多地关注精神生活质量。而人的精神生活主要体现在由认知、情感、态度、需要和价值等方面所形成的生命质量、幸福体验、心理健康、价值判断和心理成长等内容。从社会学、经济学、文化学、生态学等视角探索生活质量无疑为人的生活质量特别是如何促进人的物质生活质量方面起到了重大推动作用。然而，人的生活质量最终将体现在以物质生活质量为基础的精神生活质量方面，而精神生活质量核心的表现是心理生活质量。尽管人们十分关注物质生活质量，但内心却非常明确物质生活质量并不是人们追求的终点。物质生活达到一定水平后，人们依然感觉不到幸福、愉快和心灵的安宁，人们会产生疑问，人到底在追求什么样的生活？高质量的生活到底是怎样的？高质量的生活使人处于怎样的心理状态？这就推动人不断探索怎样的生活是人内心最幸福的体验。心理生活的研究为深入研究生活质量问题打开了一扇门，心理生活是由生活者自主体验和把握的，或者说是由生活者自主创造和生成的。人不是自己心理被动的承载者或呈现者，而是主动的创造者和生成者。由此看来，人们生活的根本目的就是为了追求高质量的心理生活，什么是心理生活质量，什么样的生活是高质量的心理生活，影响心理生活质量的因素有哪些，如何提高心理生活质量等，这些都是本研究需要深入分析和全面探讨的问题。文章通过对心理生活质量的基本内涵、心理生活质量的理论基础、心理生活质量的影响因素等方面的研究，阐述了心理生活质量是以心理学中的认知、情感、态度、需要、价值等维度审视人生活的幸福体验、心理健康、价值判断、生命质量和心理成长等方面的体验水平和感受程度，是主观心理体验和客观心理感受的统一。心理生活质量是以社会学、经济学、文化学、生命学和心理学为其理论研究基础，受社会经济、人口、文化、环境及心理认知、情感体验、自我实现、人格特质、心理创造等因素的影响。文章在构建心理生活质量理论的基础上针对大学生群体编制了心理生活质量问卷，采用自编问卷对大学生心理生活质量进行专业差异、年级差异、性别差异、家庭结构、情感状况、家庭月收入和大学生月消费等8个方面进行调查分析。并在此基础上，提出从心理认知方面完善个体对自我的认知能力，培养个体对他人的认知能力，提升个体对群体的认知能力；从心理适应方面完善人际交往能力，确立合理社会需求，不断完善自身人格；从心理成长方面完善心理生活环境，客观评价自我心理成长和合理定位自我价值实现等提高心理生活质量的对策，为不同群体心理生活质量的研究提供有价值的借鉴和参考。心理生活质量研究拉开了关于人类精神生活的心理学视角研究的序幕，对于深入探索如何提高人的生活质量具有重要的理论和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physical development and mental development of the world are drivingsynchronously as double wheels of the car. The society continues to promote thematerial world development has become the eternal power. At the same time, humanisn’t in the pursuit of great wealth of the spiritual world every minute and every moment.In the process of human social development, the confidence promoted the materialworld and the belief enriched the spiritual world has never stopped. With the continuousprogress of mankind, the material world has higher development; human’s materialstandard of living continues to improve. However, the human spirit life seemedrelatively lag. This prompted the human to produce a more widespread concern for thespiritual life. The researchers of all the countries in the world paid great attention topeople’s quality of life issues for a quite long time. They mainly focus on quality ofmaterial life and quality of spiritual life as the core. People’s quality of life is thathuman pursued the eternal theme of life for their better survival. The research on qualityof life is the core problem that human explores why people live and how to live. Theresearches on quality of life date back to the 1950s. After the researches on quality oflife were put forward, many researchers paid attention to them. The researchersexplored quality of life from economics, sociology, ecology and culture perspectives.Sociology is concerned with quality of life in the relationship between individual andsociety. Economics is concerned with quality of life through the social and economicdevelopment and living standard. Ecology is concerned with quality of life as anintrinsic factor, changing in interactive relationship of population and environmentfactors. Culture is concerned with quality of life to feel the reality of living conditionsand experience in the cultural inheritance, development and conflicts. These studiescomplement and extend each other so that the researches on quality of life are very thorough, and form the different quality of life concept.In recent years, with the material quality of life improved, people pay moreattention to the happiness of the human life level. Through the study of happiness, itreveals the satisfaction degree that material life brings to people’s spiritual life.Especially some psychologists explore experience of mental life and material quality oflife make agreat impact on mental life and try to reveal material quality of life plays apromoting role on quality of mental life through the study of mental life. Quality of lifeshould be embodied in the requirements of people’s spiritual life when material lifelevel reaches a certain degree, which is to pay more attention to spiritual quality of life.While people’s spiritual life is reflected in experience of happiness, mental health, valuejudgment, quality of life and mental growth respects from cognition, emotion, attitude,need and value dimensions of psychology. The researchers explore quality of life fromeconomics, sociology, ecology and culture perspectives. It plays a promoting role on thestudy of quality of mental life, especially how to promote material quality of life.However quality of life will be reflected in spiritual quality of life based on materialquality of life. However the core of piritual quality of life is quality of mental life.Although people pay great attention to the physical quality of life, they also knowphysical quality of life is not that people pursue the end. When the material reaches acertain level, people still do not feel happy, happiness and peace of mind. People candoubt what kinds of life people pursue, what is the high quality of life, and what kind ofmental state people keep in the high quality of life. This will push people to exploreconstantly what kinds of life is the happiest experience in the heart. The studies ofmental life open a door for the studies of quality of life. The mental life is the people’sindependent experience and confidence, or the people’s independent creation andproduction. People are not own psychological passive bearers, but active creators andgenerators. In view of this, our primary purpose is to pursue high quality of life. Thequestions on what is the quality of mental life, what is the high quality of mental life,what are the influence factors of quality of mental life, and how to improve quality ofmental life are that we need further analysis and comprehensive discussion in my study.Through the study of the basic connotations, theoretical foundations, and influence factors of quality of mental life, the article elaborated the quality of mental life is toinvestigate the level of experience of experience of happiness, mental health, valuejudgment, quality of life and mental growth respects from cognition, emotion, attitude,need and value dimensions of psychology. Quality of mental life is the unity ofsubjective psychological experience and objective psychological feelings. Thetheoretical research of quality of mental life is based on sociology, economics, culturalstudies and psychology, and influenced by the social economy, population, culture,environment, psychological cognition, emotional experience, self realization,personality traits and mental creation. The study edits Quality of Mental Life Inventory.The study is based on the investigation and analysis of quality of mental life in eightaspects including professional differences, grade differences, gender differences, familystructure, emotional status, family income and monthly consumption of college students.On the basis of the above studies, the article proposes the countermeasures to promotethe quality of mental life. These countermeasures include improving the individual tothe self-cognition ability, training the individual cognition ability to others, promotingthe individual cognition ability to group, improving the ability of interpersonalcommunication, establishing a reasonable social demand, improving their ownpersonality and environment of mental life constantly, evaluating self mental growthobjectively and positioning self-value realization rationally. These studies providevaluable reference for quality of mental life study of different groups. The quality ofmental life research has opened psychology study perspective on the human spirit life.The study has important significance in theory and practice on how to improve thepeople’s quality of life.更多还原