【作者】 杨兰；

【导师】 孙利天；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 女性，随着人类的发展，社会的进步，在社会中的角色和地位正在发生着转变。传统的角色及其要求已经在一定程度上不适应女性的发展，而成为阻碍的因素。女性，在和谐社会的建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用，经济、人文、科学、社会的全方位的进步已经越来越不可缺失女性的角色。因此，近些年来关于女性问题的研究也逐渐的兴起，并成为一股不可忽视的社会力量。整个社会对女性问题的重视已经有了质的变化，女性受到的关注和礼遇也逐渐的丰富和多样化。但不可否认的是，随着女性在社会中作用的变化，女性在获得更多机会的同时，随之而来的压力也在逐渐的增大，人们更多的是关注女性所获得的，但却往往忽视了在获得的同时，女性所付出的代价和承受的压力。本文旨在通过对人的本质的探究从而挖掘女性深层次的本质属性，通过人类的解放来实现女性最后的解放，即女性自由而全面的发展。本文主要通过对中国当代女性生存现状的分析，在肯定女性在经济、政治、文化、婚姻生活的各个领域所取得的地位，所做出的贡献的同时，关注女性在诸多方面的生存与发展中存在的问题，尤其是新形势、新条件下所面临的特殊的情况以及对女性发展所造成的影响。通过分析，挖掘深层次的原因，并寻求解决问题的途径。最终能够让女性摆脱束缚，实现彻底的解放，这种解放是身体的解放，是心灵的解放，更是能够体会到幸福的思想解放。全文分为五章：第一章：主要对国内外女性的研究现状进行梳理，从而找出关于女性研究目前存在的问题与不足，并进一步的论述进行女性生存问题研究的必要性以及本文主要的研究方法与创新，从而明确本文的写作目的与意义。第二章：女性问题即“人”的问题。在这里主要是对马克思关于人的本质的论述进行分析与梳理，马克思对人的本质进行了系统的阐述，首先，马克思认为人的本质就是劳动，劳动构成了人的存在方式；其次，马克思阐述了人的本质是在实践中结成的一切社会关系的总和。这体现了人的社会性，人因为其社会性才具有了丰富性；最后，马克思指出，人的本质是自由自觉的活动。通过对马克思关于人的本质的分析，不难看出女性的本质。人类由男女两性组成，人的本质就是女性的本质，女性的解放也就是顺应人性本质的解放。从而为解决女性问题找到理论的根源。第三章：当代中国女性现实生存状况解析。这也是本文的重点，涉及到女性生活的四个领域，即政治生活、职业生活、婚姻家庭生活以及精神生活。在这四个领域中，女性经过多年的奋斗，已经取得了自己的地位和成绩，基本与男性实现了法律意义的平等，国家在宪法以及婚姻法中都对于男女享有平等的权利做了具体的规定。但法律的平等不等于事实的平等，女性在上述的四个领域中，仍旧存在这许多问题，如政治参与的比例较低，职业机会的不决定，婚姻家庭中的客体化地位，家庭暴力等等问题，仍旧困扰着女性。因此，有必要对男女平等做进一步的探讨，以期能够实现男女平等真正意义上的实现。第四章：当代女性本真生存状态被遮蔽的几点原因。本真的生活是真正符合女性自身特点的生活，是一种无阶级，无压迫，无不平等的自由而随性的生活。但当代女性的生活并没有真正达到这样的一种状态，在生存与发展中仍旧有许多不和谐的因素。本章进行了分析与归类。主要有以下三个方面的原因。首先，几千年来根深蒂固的封建传统文化，是产生问题的社会基础，他影响着几代人的思想，使女性发展受到来自文化观念的束缚；其次是生产力的发展，这是决定女性发展水平的根本性因素，生产力的发展的不完善，以及发展程度的低下，是制约女性发展的决定性要素；最后，社会性别观念及其分工，是产生女性生存与发展问题的直接原因。第五章：实现女性自由全面发展的路径探索。女性的解放，是整个人类解放的一部分，必须将女性解放与社会解放结合在一起，这样才能为女性解放争取到最强大的支撑。同时，女性的解放不是单纯的一种阶级解放，更是一种社会的解放，只有这样，女性才能实现其自由而全面的发展。同时，女性的发展还受到两方面因素的影响，一是客观环境，一是女性自身。从客观环境而言，我们应该大力发展生产能力，为女性发展提供丰富的物质环境；要进一步完善法律法规，为女性发展提供良好的法律环境；从女性主体自身而言，我们应该进一步的增强女性的主体意识，提高女性自身素质，尊重女性的生理及其心理特点，实现女性差异发展，发挥女性性别优势。女性的解放不是一蹴而就的事情，它是一个漫长的历史过程。女性解放也不是社会发展的唯一目的，解放只是途径，是手段，是为了女性发展做出的必要的准备，而解放的最终目的是为了实现女性自由而全面的发展。只有发展了，只有素质全面提高了，只有女性具有较强的主体意识了，女性才能在社会生产与家庭生活中实现自我人生价值，才能充分发挥自己的聪明才干，为能为争取女性的幸福生活而努力拼搏。对本真生活状态的追求，将是女性永远为之奋斗的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Woman, with the human development, social progress, the role and status insociety is changing, the traditional roles and requirements to some extent have notadapted to the development of the female, and become the hindering factors. Female,in the construction of harmonious society is playing an increasingly important role,economy, humanities, science, social all-round progress has become increasinglyessential female role. Therefore, in recent years, the research on women’s issues hasgradually emerged, and become a social force which can not be ignored. The societyof women issue has been a qualitative change, women ’s attention and treatment has arich and varied. But undeniable is, along with the women’s role in societychanging ,women get more opportunities at the same time, the pressure also increasegradually, people are more concerned about female obtained, but often overlooked inacquired at the same time, women pay the price and bear the pressure. This paperaims to explore the essence of man to explore the female deep-seated essence, throughthe liberation of mankind to achieve ultimate female liberation, the female ’s free andall-round development. This paper based on Chinese contemporary female survivalpresent situation analysis, in affirmation of women in economic, political, cultural,and marriage life each field place to obtain position, make contribution while, payattention to women in the aspects of the survival and development in the existingproblems, especially in the new situation, new conditions faced the special situationand on the development of women caused by impact. Through the analysis, dig thereason of deep administrative levels, and to seek a way to solve the problem.Eventually allow women to get rid of the bondage, achieve the complete liberation,the liberation is the liberation of the body, is the heart of the liberation, is able to feelthe happiness of the ideological emancipation.The full text is divided into five chapters:The first chapter: mainly for domestic and foreign female research undertakescombing, to find out about the female research problems and deficiencies, and furtherdiscussed the necessity of studying the problem of female survival as well as the mainresearch method and innovation, so as to clear the purpose of writing this paper and significance.The second chapter : Women’s issues is the problem of "human". Here is mainlyto Marx’s discourse on human nature is analyzed and combed, Marx on human natureare introduced in this paper, first of all, Marx believed that human nature is the labor,labor form the mode of man’s existence; secondly, Marx describes the human nature isin practice form of all social relations. At the same time, it reflects the social, peoplebecause of its social have rich; finally, Marx points out, is the essence of free andconscious activity. Based on the analysis of Marx on human nature, it is not difficultto see that the female essence. Human is combined by male and female, human natureis the nature of women, women’s liberation is also responsive to the liberation ofhuman nature. To solve the problem of the origin of women find theory.Chapter third: Contemporary Chinese female reality survival condition analysis.It is also the focus of this paper, related to the life of women in the four fields, namely,political life, occupation life, marriage and family life and spiritual life. In these fourareas, many years of struggle, women has made his position and achievements, basicand male realized legal equality, countries in the Constitution and marriage law formen and women enjoy equal rights to make specific provisions. But the legal equalityis not equal to the factual equality, women in the four areas, many problems still existin the political participation, such as a lower proportion of occupation, opportunity isnot decided, marriage and family in the object position, domestic violence and so on,still perplexing women. Therefore, it is necessary to do further exploration of equalitybetween men and women, in order to realize the equality of men and women in thetrue sense of the realization of.Chapter forth: contemporary women real existence covered several reasons.Life is truly meet the women’s own characteristics of life, is a no class, no oppression,all without exception equal free and casual living. But the contemporary women’slives do not actually reach such a state, in the existence and development there arestill many disharmonious factors. This chapter has carried on the analysis andclassification. There are three main reasons. First of all, for thousands of years theingrained feudal traditional culture, is the problem of generating social basis, heinfluenced several generations of people thought, make the female development fromthe cultural idea manacle; followed by the development of productivity, it is decidingthe development level of female fundamental factors, the development of productivityis not perfect, and the degree of development low, is restricting female development decisive factor; finally, gender concept and its division of labor, women’s survival anddevelopment is the direct cause of the problem.The fifth Chapter: the realization of women ’s free and comprehensivedevelopment path exploration. Women’s liberation, human liberation is the part of thefemale emancipation, social emancipation must be combined together, so that we canfor the women’s Liberation to the most powerful support. At the same time, women’sliberation is not only a class liberation, is a kind of social emancipation of women,only in this way, in order to realize the free and comprehensive development. At thesame time, female development is also affected by two factors, one is the objectiveenvironment, one is female. From the objective environment, we should vigorouslydevelop the production capacity, for the development of women to provide richmaterial environment; to perfect legal laws and regulations further, for women’sdevelopment to provide a good legal environment; from the female subject itself, weshould further strengthen women’s subject consciousness, improve women’s ownquality, respect women’s physiological and psychological characteristics realization ofwomen, differences in development, play a preponderance of female sex.Women’s liberation is not accomplished at one stroke thing, it is a long historicalprocess. Women’s liberation is not only for the purpose of social development, theliberation of only way, means, in order to female development to make the necessarypreparations, while the ultimate goal is to achieve women’s free and overalldevelopment. Only the development, only quality rises in the round, only the femalehas the strong subject consciousness, female ability in social production and familylife to realize self value of life, in order to give full play to their wisdom and talent, tobe able to fight for women ’s life and work hard. On the real life pursuit, will be thefemale always strive for the goal.更多还原