【作者】 马蒙；

【导师】 刘维宁；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 桥梁与隧道工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,随着国内一些城市轨道交通路网的加密,地铁振动对附近的居住人群、古建筑、精密仪器的影响日益受到关注。一些振动敏感目标甚至成为制约整条线路规划与建造的瓶颈因素。因此,在地铁建成通车之前,对列车振动影响的准确预测和正确评估将尤为重要。然而,目前尚缺乏对振动敏感目标进行环境影响评价的完整理论体系、评价手段单一、缺乏与设计阶段关联互动的动态预测评价体系、“地铁减振”被简化为“轨道减振”,而不是综合减振等等诸多问题。本文针对上述问题,首次提出了以地铁列车振动环境影响敏感度为核心理念的伴随各设计阶段的动态环境影响评价体系。通过对地铁振动环境影响“敏感度”概念的完整定义,将敏感目标的“承振能力”和“激扰强度”这两个相互作用的变量统一起来。以此为基础,根据对国内外现有环评方法、预测方法和列车振动在地表传播规律等工作的详细分析和总结,本文进一步提出了与地铁设计阶段相结合的动态预测评价体系中的相关振动预测方法,并围绕民居、古建筑和精密仪器环境影响敏感度分析得出了一系列有价值的结论；同时讨论了动态预测评价各环节中的相关问题,通过现场测试、数值计算等手段完善了该理论体系中的预测环节和方法。本文以民居、古建筑和精密仪器对地铁列车振动环境影响敏感度分析为核心,以地铁列车振动的动态预测评价为主线,从标准研究、理论分析、测试分析、数值计算等几方面进行了6项创新性的研究工作,取得了以下成果：(1)首次明确提出了地铁列车振动环境影响敏感度的概念、数学定义、计算方法、等级划分和矩阵表达方式,为实施地铁综合减振和动态环评提供了理论基础。(2)提出了基于地铁列车振动环境影响敏感度分析的伴随各设计阶段的动态预测评价体系,整合了各种预测方法的优势。(3)给出了古建筑防交通微振动控制类别的划分等级,提出了基于既有国标GB/T50452-2008研究成果、考虑古建筑维修历史和保护现状的振动控制标准降级方法。(4)基于大量地铁列车振动实测数据分析工作,得到了针对不同环境目标的敏感度的初步估算结果。(5)通过建立车轨耦合数值模型,分析得到了5种不同轨道类型的列车振动荷载。(6)提出了考虑振动标准、土层、轨道形式、隧道埋深、水平距离等因素的敏感度矩阵和轨道选型矩阵表达方法,并基于数值分析得到了针对人体、古建筑和精密仪器的敏感度计算结果和减振轨道适用范围。(7)推导了成层半空间作用竖向简谐荷载的理论模型,系统研究了单一频率振动地表放大区产生的原因及规律。(8)提出了数值计算与现场实测相结合的地铁振动预测方法,可用以定量预测室内振动响应；从理论层面和可操作性层面详细讨论了该方法中涉及到各种不同分析域、不同统计形式下的指标转换的方式和误差等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABSTRACT:In recent years, with the development of urban rail transit network, more and more attentions have been paid to the subway train-induced vibrations and their influences on residents, historic buildings and precision instruments nearby. Moreover, some vibration-sensitive objects have already been bottlenecks which restrict the planning and construction of the whole subway line. Therefore it is especially important to predict vibration responses accurately and evaluate their influences correctly before the subway is open to operate. At present, however, there are many problems for the evaluation of environmental influences to vibration-sensitive objects and for the vibration mitigation design. For instance, there is no integrated theoretical system, and the means are single. It is lack of prediction&evaluation system accompanied with design stages. Furthermore, metro global mitigation is wrongly simplified as track mitigation only.In order to solve these problems mentioned above, in this thesis, the core concept of sensitivity of metro train-induced vibration and its environmental influence (sensitivity for short) is originally proposed. Based on this core concept, the Design Stage-Accompanied Environmental Evaluation System (defined as DSA-EE System) for metro train-induced vibration is also firstly put forward. By definition of concept of sensitivity, two interaction variables vibration bearing capability and vibration disturbance intensity become unified. Based on the detail review of existing evaluation methods, prediction methods, propagation laws of metro train-induced vibrations at home and abroad, some prediction methods in the DSA-EE System is proposed. In addition, by analyzing the sensitivity for residents, historic buildings and sensitive instruments, some valuable conclusions have been drawn. Relative problems in the DSA-EE System are discussed, and by measurement researches and numerical calculations, prediction steps and methods are improved as well.In this thesis, by analyzing the sensitivity for residents, historic buildings and sensitive instruments as a core content, and by predicting and evaluating the subway train-induced vibrations and their influences as a main clue, six aspects of innovative researches have been performed with the help of criteria study, theoretical analysis, measurement analysis and numerical calculation. Finally, the achievements obtained are as follows: (1) The concept of sensitivity and its mathematical definition, calculation method, classification and its matrix form are originally proposed, which provides a theoretical foundation for metro global mitigation and DSA-EE.(2) Based on the calculation and analysis of sensitivity, DSA-EE System for metro train-induced vibrations is proposed, which integrates the advantages of different vibration prediction methods.(3) A new classification of vibration control is suggested for historic buildings against traffic-induced micro vibrations. Based on the existing research results in National Code GB/T50452-2008, a vibration limit degradation method for historic buildings is proposed, in which the factors of repair, strengthening and protection for historic buildings are considered.(4) By analyzing a large number of site measurement data of metro train-induced vibrations, the results of preliminary sensitivity estimation are obtained.(5) By numerical simulation, train loads for five different kinds of tracks are obtained.(6) The representation methods for sensitivity matrix and track-form selection matrix are proposed, in which the factors of vibration criteria, soil layers, track-forms, tunnel depth, and horizontal distance are considered. With the help of numerical simulation, the results of sensitivity matrix and track-form selection matrix for residents, historic buildings and sensitive instruments are obtained.(7) The analytical model of a vertical harmonic load applying on a layered half-space is built. By this model, the causes of formation and laws of ground vibration amplification zones especially caused by simple frequency are studied in detail.(8) A new vibration prediction method that combined field tests and numerical simulation is proposed, which helps to predict the response in buildings quantitatively. From both theorical aspect and maneuverability aspect, in different analytical domain and with different statistical forms, transform method of physical quantities and their errors are discussed in detail.更多还原