【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 周曦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 寺庙园林是中国三大古典园林之一,无论在建筑艺术还是在人文艺术方面都极具代表性,具有宗教性、公共性和连续性等特征。寺庙周边环境、前山、后山、周边村落与寺庙都有密切的生产、生活联系,其中山地寺庙对环境的利用堪称一种典范。“天下名山僧占多”,这体现了佛教与山岳的密切关系。佛教注重选择清净无为的修身境地,结合中国传统的儒家、道家思想,以及世俗玄学家旷达放任、纯任自然的风尚,种种因素使寺庙的建造选址往往流连于名山大川之间,佛教与山岳、山岳风景紧密相连。在国务院第一批公布的四十四处重点风景名胜区中,约1/3属此类性质,这一定程度也说明了佛教山地寺庙遗产在我国现代文化发展中所起到的重要作用。本文按照理论与实践相结合的方法,在分析归纳文献资料、航拍图片和现存佛教山地寺庙的基础上,结合已有的研究成果,寻其因,索其果。通过实地勘测、拍照以及向有关人员了解情况等方法,获得较多的第一手资料,加以归纳总结,以此支撑论文的研究成果。本论文试图通过对中国佛教寺庙的发展简史、类型、分布现状进行梳理和归纳,以及对佛教寺庙文化历史地位和现代意义的阐述,建立起中国佛教寺庙的研究背景平台,进而从风景园林专业的角度,重点研究了山地寺庙与外部环境的关系,围绕寺庙的外部环境,调查研究寺庙周边的村落、水源、香道、林地、地形对寺庙布局和僧侣生产、生活的影响,按照环境空间布局的要素(山水环境,建筑布局,植物配置,道路广‘场以及建筑小品等)进行分类,由外向内地对中国佛教寺庙的择址、环境空间布局、地形塑造和利用、庭院植物配置、建筑小品做了系统性的研究。结合国内佛教寺庙保护利用实例对佛教寺庙的保护和利用提出了建议。本研究成果如下：(1)通过在史资料的查询、卫星航拍图片分析和现状实地调查,重点研究了寺庙对环境的利用,认为寺庙周边环境、前山、后山、周边村落与寺庙都有密切的生产、生活联系,本文针对于此,对寺庙的历史、现状进行对比,做了大量分析总结,在研究保留的中国佛教寺庙园林的同时,结合当今中国佛教寺庙园林修复和兴建情况,为宗教旅游的发展提供理论支持,对中国佛教寺庙的保护和利用提出了建议,为各地政府对寺庙的保护和利用提供参考,试图通过对山地佛寺的历史和现状研究,为现代园林设计具有参考借鉴的价值。(2)通过挖掘有关中国佛教寺庙的历史文献和综合前人的研究成果,重新评价了中国佛教寺庙文化的历史地位和现代意义。从风景园林构成的各要素入手,根据不同要素,将宏观层面的佛寺发展历史、分布与类型到微观层而的寺内植栽绿化和小品分布做了系统的分析和总结。为现代中国佛教寺庙文化研究提出了阶段性成果,也是对前人研究的一个总结与补充。(3)从研究中国佛教寺庙环境空间入手,对佛教寺庙的相地择址、地形整合利用和建筑围合空间等都进行了深入的考察。结合历史资料,对相地择址、地形处理进行了较为全面的归纳整理,并总结了各种汉传山地佛教寺庙建筑单体的历史沿革及类型特点,对之后佛教园林乃至宗教性园林的维护和复建、寺庙园林规划设计风格和方式等提供了有力的参考与指导,对现代宜居型生态化园林建设有巨大的参考价值。(4)从风景园林专业性角度出发,对长期以来为人们所忽视的庭院植物、甬道海墁等细节特色做了系统的分析。从佛教神话传说出发,对佛教典型植物配置进行了深度解读,并结合现有佛寺中的大量实例,强调了佛寺植物配置与其背后所承载的文化内涵的关系；同时针对佛寺道路广场及宗教小品等的相关搭配与建设,分析提炼出佛教寺庙宗教小品的特色,为风景园林规划设计提供了珍贵依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Classified under the three classical Chinese Garden Art,Chinese Temple Garden has established a classical standard both on architectural art and humanities, has religious, public and continuity characteristics. Temples surrounding environment, such as the front mountain, the mountain, the surrounding villages and temples have a close production, life experience, the mountain temple of the use of the environment called a model."The famous mountain also be favorated by monks" which reflects the close relationship between Buddhism and mountains. First published in the State Department forty-four key scenic spots, about1/3are of this nature, which to some extent also explains the Buddhist architectural heritage in the development of our modern culture played an important role.Buddhism pay attention to site selection, combined with China’s traditional Confucianism, Taoism, as well as secular metaphysician broad-minded laissez-faire, and other factors make the temple construction site often linger in the mountains, and rivers between Buddhism and mountain, closely linked to the famous mountain.This paper attempts by the Chinese Buddhist temple a brief history, type, sort out and summarize the distribution of the status quo and the status of Buddhist temples and the modern sense of cultural and historical exposition of the Buddhist temples of China to establish a research background platform, and then from the Landscape Architecture point of view, Focus on the relationship between a mountain temple with the external environment, external environment around the temple and survey research temples surrounding villages, water, incense, woodland, topography, the temple layout and the monks production, in accordance with the spatial layout of the elements of the surrounding (landscape surrounding, building layout, plant configuration, road squares and architectural sketches, etc.) for classification, outside-in Buddhist temple in China’s siting, building shape and layout of building space, shape and topography use of garden plant configuration, architectural sketches done a systematic study. With instances of domestic protection and utilization of the Buddhist temple Buddhist temple protection and use recommendations. The research results are as follows:1) Query in the history of data, satellite aerial photo analysis and current status of the field survey, focusing on the utilization of the temple on the environment, that the temples the external environment is closely related to the original temple layout and monks living, but to shift the environment to move, often in the lateroccurred great changes in the pattern of this paper, this summary done a lot of analysis, the study retained the Chinese Buddhist temple garden at the same time, combined with today’s Chinese Buddhist temple garden repair and construction of the protection and utilization of Chinese Buddhist temples.the proposal, provide a reference for local governments to protect the temple and use of a reference for the value of modern garden design.2) from the study of Chinese Buddhist temple garden environment to start the phase of the Buddhist temple to siting, topography and building integrated use of spatial layout and so in-depth study. Combination of historical data, relative to siting of the terrain for a more comprehensive treatment collate and summarize a variety of Chinese Buddhist temples History and types of monomer characteristics, even after the Buddhist religious garden maintenance and garden rehabilitation, the temple garden planning and design, and methods provide a powerful reference and guidance, based on modern ecological garden livable building great reference value.3) from the perspective of professional landscape architecture, has long been ignored by the people of the garden plants, plaster and other details of the characteristics of the sea corridor to do a systematic analysis. Starting from Buddhist mythology, a typical plant configuration of the Buddhist interpretation of depth, combined with a large number of existing examples of Buddhist temples, Buddhist temples plant configuration with its emphasis on the carrying of cultural connotation behind the relationship; while for the temple square, and religious pieces such as road associated with construction and analysis to extract the pieces of the characteristics of religious Buddhist temples, landscape planning and design to provide a valuable basis.4) retained in the study of Chinese Buddhist temple garden at the same time, Buddhist temples in China today with repair and construction of gardens, Buddhist temples of China Conservation and Utilization of recommendations for local governments to protect the temple and use for reference.更多还原