【作者】 冯旭刚；

【导师】 费业泰； 章家岩；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 钢铁工业是我国国民经济重要基础和支柱性产业，石灰是钢铁冶金的重要原料，它作为高炉炼铁和转炉炼钢的熔剂，具有缩短冶炼时间、提高生铁质量和钢水纯净度等优点，可广泛应用于湿法烟气脱硫、酸性工业废水处理等环境保护领域、以及轻质碳酸钙、环氧氯丙烷、氧化铝烧结矿制备等冶金、化工生产过程。石灰质量的主要衡量指标是活性度，活性石灰主要通过冶金石灰窑煅烧而成。石灰的活性度不仅决定了烟气脱硫和废水中和的效率、净化度，还决定着钢铁冶炼、轻质碳酸钙、氧化铝烧结矿等生产过程的产品质量、原料利用率和运行费用。随着钢铁工业的迅猛发展，对冶金石灰提出了越来越高的要求。因此，开展冶金石灰窑生产过程质量控制理论及技术的研究，实现整个工艺过程综合优化和安全稳定运行，对于进一步稳定石灰煅烧品质，降低生产能耗，减少环境污染、保证钢铁冶炼质量，提高经济效益都具有重要意义。本文通过活性石灰煅烧涉及的物理和化学反应过程的机理研究，阐述了石灰窑生产系统的非线性、多变量和多参数影响的复杂特性以及石灰煅烧质量的有关影响因素，分析了活性度质量指标与煅烧时间、速度、温度和燃料配比等工艺参数之间的关系。在此基础上，以宝钢梅山钢铁公司套筒式石灰窑为对象，以其煤气流量检测、供热系统的温度调节和燃烧过程的优化控制为目标，采用现场技术参数测试、仿真分析、以及工业性试验相结合的方法进行石灰窑生产多参数检测与质量控制理论及技术的研究，以达到实现整个生产过程综合优化和安全稳定运行的目的。主要研究内容及创新点如下：（1）运用参数补偿原理设计并实现混合煤气流量在线检测方案工程上通常采用差压式孔板流量计进行冶金石灰窑的混合煤气流量在线检测，本文通过其误差产生因素的分析，提出了以超声波流量计为基准检测总管煤气流量进而实现对各支管煤气流量在线补偿的方法，推导了石灰窑混合煤气流量检测的在线密度补偿算法，进而制定了多参数补偿的混合煤气流量计量检测方案，并进一步构建了混合煤气流量在线补偿检测系统，在此基础上，通过硬件配置、选型和软件设计、开发以及现场调试阐述了整个系统的实现。（2）基于信息融合技术的燃烧过程烟气氧含量的软测量研究本文针对石灰窑最佳燃烧控制系统的重要衡量参数—尾气氧含量的在线检测问题，采用基于信息融合技术的软测量方法开展研究。提出了尾气氧含量的机理建模方案，根据机理表达式详细分析了相关参数影响因素，并推导出氧含量的计算修正公式，在此基础上，构建了基于信息融合技术的氧含量软测量系统的分析计算模型。（3）采用模糊控制策略设计燃烧过程温度调节系统针对石灰窑燃烧过程温度控制所具有的有非线性、大滞后、强耦合等特点，采用模糊控制策略，构建石灰窑温度调节系统模糊控制方案，并针对其存在的问题，进一步提出了模糊PID控制方法。通过Matlab的仿真分析，验证了模糊PID控制策略能获得较好的动态控制性能。（4）基于经济运行的冶金石灰窑燃烧过程优化控制本文通过石灰窑经济燃烧的特性分析，提出了提高热效率，实时调整最佳空燃比系数的方法，并制定了完善的燃烧尾气含氧量闭环控制方案，从而保证了当供热燃气混合比发生变化而导致燃料热值波动时，能有效地达到对过剩空气量的最佳控制，实现石灰窑生产过程的经济运行。论文还采用BP网络建立了石灰窑燃烧系统的优化控制模型，并将遗传算法应用于神经网络的连接权值和阈值优化计算，提高了BP神经网络的计算精度和收敛速度，从而达到石灰窑生产过程综合优化和稳定运行的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Steel industry is an important basis for China’s national economy and pillar industry. Lime is animportant raw material of steel metallurgy. As a blast furnace and converter steelmaking flux, it canreduce refining time and improve the quality of pig iron and steel purity, etc. And it can be widelyused in the field of environmental protection such as wet flue gas desulphurization and acidicindustrial wastewater treatment field of environmental protection. It is also used in the metallurgicaland chemical production processes such as calcium carbonate, epichlorohydrin, and preparation ofalumina sintering. The main measure of the quality of lime is the degree of activity. The active limeis mainly calcite by metallurgical lime kiln. The activity of lime not only determines the efficiencyand purification degree of flue gas desulfurization and waste water neutralization, also determinesthe product quality, raw material utilization and operating costs of iron and steel smelting, lightcalcium carbonate and alumina sinter and other production processes. With the rapid development ofsteel industry, we need increasing demands on metallurgical lime. Therefore, we need to carry out aresearch on the control theory and technology of metallurgical lime kiln production process quality.Then the whole process can be integrated optimized and be work securely and steadily. This is ofgreat significance on further stabilizing the calcite lime quality, reduce energy consumption, reduceenvironmental pollution, ensure the quality of the steel smelting and improve the economicefficiency.With the research on the physical and chemical mechanism of the process of active limecalcinations, this paper describes the nonlinear multi-variable and multi-parameter productionsystem of the lime-kiln complex nature and the influencing factors of the lime calcimine quality, andanalysis the relationship between the degree of activity indicators of active lime and calcimine time,speed, temperature, fuel ratio and other parameters. On this basis, Baosteel Meishan Iron and SteelCompany sleeve lime will be the targeted, Its gas flow detection, temperature regulation of heatingsystem and optimize control of combustion process will be the object, We are going to use themethod of combining the on-site technical parameters test, simulation analysis and industrial test toget a research on multi-parameter detection and quality control theory and technology of limeproduction so that the entire production process may be comprehensive optimization and worksecurely and steadily. The main contents and innovations are as follows:（1）Use the principle of compensation with the parameter to the design and implement the online detection program of mixed-gas flow.In engineering, we usually use differential pressure orifice flow meter to achieve an on-linedetection on mixed gas flow of metallurgical lime. This paper analyzes the causes of the errors andthe ultrasonic flow meter is proposed as the fiducially flow meter to detect the main gas flow so as to give an on-line detection on each branch pipe. Then it derives the density on-line compensationalgorithm of the mixed gas flow detection, develop a multi-parameter compensated mixed gas flowmeasurement detection scheme and further build the mixed gas flow detection system of on-linecompensation. On this basis, through the hardware configuration, selections, software design,development and site commissioning, this paper elaborate how the entire system is achieve.（2）Aresearch on the soft measurement of oxygen content of the combustion process based onthe information fusion technology.In this paper, as the on-line detection on oxygen content in the exhaust gas of the bestcombustion control system for the lime kiln, the soft measurement based on the information fusiontechnology is used to launch a research. We propose the mechanism modeling scheme of exhaustoxygen content. According to the expression of the mechanism, we detailed analysis the factors ofthe relevant parameters and give the modified formula to calculate the content of oxygen. And wederived the correction formula calculation of oxygen content. On this basis, constructed analysismodel of oxygen soft sensor system based on information fusion.（3）Use the fuzzy control strategy to design a combustion temperature control system.As for the nonlinear, large delay and strong coupling of the lime kiln temperature control for thecombustion process, we use the fuzzy control strategy to build a fuzzy control program for the limekiln temperature control system and further put forward the fuzzy PID control method to solve theexisting problems. Simulation and analysis by MATLAB, we verify the fuzzy PID control strategycan achieve a better dynamic control performance.（4）The metallurgy lime kiln control of combustion process optimization based on theeconomic operation.In this paper, through the analysis of the characteristics of the lime kiln economic burning, weput forward a method of improving the thermal efficiency and real-time adjusting the best air-fuelratio coefficient. Then a comprehensive closed-loop control program of detecting the oxygen contentin the combustion exhaust gas is developed. As a result, when the calorific value of fuel fluctuatesbecause of the changes of heating gas mixing ratio, the amount of excess air can still be optimalcontrol effectively so that the lime kiln production process will be work economically. The paperalso established an optimal control model of lime kiln combustion system with the BP neuralnetwork. Using the genetic algorithm to calculate the connection weights and threshold withoptimization, the accuracy and convergence rate of BP neural network have been improved. As aresult, we achieve the lime kiln production process integration and optimization and work steadily.更多还原