【作者】 杨知勋；

【导师】 鲁军；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要以海洋钻井废弃水基泥浆为研究对象,研究了其理化性质；对其中微生物菌群多样性进行了分析；筛选出了高效烃类降解功能菌,考察了该菌种的培养条件对处理效果的影响,设计了SBR装置及好氧发酵装置,考察了其处理性能。对平湖油田钻井废弃水基泥浆的物理化学性质的研究结果表明,其有机物含量等均超出国家排放标准。GC-MS的分析结果表明,废弃水基泥浆中的有机物质成分复杂,正构烃类物质与异构烃类、不饱和烃类、酸类和甲酯类等化合物并存,其中中长链化合物较多。分子生物学方法测得的微生物生态多样性表明,在钻井废弃水基泥浆中含有β、γ-Proteoacteria,其中y-Proteobacteria是主要细菌类群,占克隆总数的78.6%。其中,中度嗜盐菌色盐杆菌属(Chromohalobacter sp.)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonassp.)为优势菌群,占克隆总数的47.8%,且都可以对石油烃进行降解。2,6-DCPIP(2,6-二氯酚靛酚)指示剂结合GC评价从废弃水基泥浆中筛选的菌株并进行了鉴定。根据单菌及其与活性污泥配合后对废弃水基泥浆中石油烃的降解效果筛选的一株高效降解菌3-Jun。菌株3-Jun的最适宜培养条件为：pH值8.0,葡萄糖浓度15 g·L-1,NaCl 0.8g·L-1,NH4C18.0 g.L-1,KH2PO42.0 g·L-1,Na2HPO4·3H2O1.2g·L-1,接种量为7%,温度25℃,转速160r·min-1。SBR工艺对废弃水基泥浆中的石油烃具有明显的降解效果。当入水COD为1000mg/L的时候,COD的去除率为87.11%。将筛选所得高效降解菌3-Jun投加到SBR系统,可发现投加3-Jun的系统的COD去除率达到90.12%,比未投加时提高了3.01%,且油的降解速率也略有提高。采用木屑、稻草作为调理剂和膨胀剂,蛋白胨作为氮源,分别采用最佳条件下培养的菌液、成品回流及菌液混合活性污泥作为菌源,在强制通风量0.07m3/h下对废弃水基泥浆进行了好氧发酵处理。经过18天的好氧发酵后,以种子液混合活性污泥作为菌源的系统含油率降至1.66%,油去除率则达到了50.45%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the microbial diversity of waste water-based mud from offshore drilling was analysed, also its physical and chemical properties. A high efficient hydrocarbon degrading strain was screened from the waste water-based mud,and the influence of the culture condition on the degradation ability of this strain was investigation. A SBR devices and a aerobic fermentation device were designed, and their performances were investigation.The physical and chemical properties of waste water-based mud from Pinghu Oilfield were anslysed, and the result showed that its parameters, such as organic content, exceed the national emission standards. Also, the result of GC-MS showed that the pollutants contained hydrocarbons, acids and esters, and long-chain alkanes are the main pollutant.The bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed to detect the hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial community diversity in the waste drilling fluid. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of clones were clustered inβ,γ-Proteobacteria with the phylotypes belong to y-Proteobacteria accounting for 78.6% of the clone library. The sequences closely related to moderate halophile Chromohalobacter sp. and Halomonas sp. were dominant in the bacterial community. The hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from the waste water-based mud and evaluated by 2,6-DCPIP combining GC method.Based on the study of the degradation abilty of petroleum hydrocarbons in the waste water-based mud of the single strain and the mixture with the activated sludge, a high efficient hydrocarbon degrading strain was screened. The influence of pH, oil concentration, microbial quantity, experimental time on the degradation abilty of 3-Jun strain was studied. The result showed that the optimum culture condition were as follows:pH 8.0, glucose concentration 15 g·L-1, NaCl 0.8 g·L-1, NH4Cl8.0 g·L-1, KH2PO4 2.0 g·L-1, Na2HPO4·3H2O 1.2g·L-1, inoculum size 7%, temperature 25℃, rotation rate 160r-min-1. The SBR has a significant effect on the degradation of the oil in the waste water-based mud. The removal of COD was 87.11%, when the COD of the inflow was 1000 mg/L. The 3-Jun strain was added to the SBR system, and it could be found that the removal rate of COD reached 90.12%,3.01% higher than without dosing. And the degradation rate of the oil was also slightly has been improved.In the experiment of the aerobic fermentation, sawdust was used as the amendment, straw as the bulking, and peptone was used as nitrogen source. The forced aeration was at the rate of 0.07m3/h while the influence of the microbe soures on the process was thus investigated. The oil degradation rate was up to 50.45% after aerobic fermentation under the conditions of the mixture of the activated sludge and 3-Jun strain as the microbe.更多还原