中国二元经济结构调整中的工业化和城市化问题

【作者】 颜明；

【导师】 徐光远；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 政治经济学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 我国建国初期,为迅速改变经济基础较薄弱的情况,采取了“城市偏向”的工业化政策,短时期内建立起了相对完善的工业体系,综合国力得到明显增强,人民生活水平有了较大提高。但在以农业人口为主的中国,采取以牺牲农业发展而换取工业化程度加速的工业化政策不仅损害了广大农民的利益,而且带来了我国城乡发展高度不平衡、城乡收入差距不断拉大。一方面是相对发达的城市工业,另一方面是落后的传统传统农业,形成了发展经济学家们所描述的二元经济结构。改革开放三十多年来,我国经济社会获得了较大的发展,经济总量不断扩大,但从根本上来说,二元经济结构长期存在还是我国经济的重要特征,在一定程度上阻碍了经济发展,影响了社会的稳定。破除二元经济结构,促进城乡一体化发展,是我国经济发展的长期战略目标。《共产党宣言》指出：在最先进的国家采取的办法是“把农业和工业结合起来,促进城乡之间的差别逐渐消灭,首先要打破工业只能布局于城市的观点和现实”,“要使这些被排挤出工业的工人不至于没有工作或不会被迫结集城市,必须使他们就在农村中从事工业劳动”,“大工业在全国尽可能平衡地分布是消灭城市和乡村分离的条件,所以从这方面来说消灭城市和乡村分离这也不是什么空想”。二元经济结构转换过程在本质上是一个经济发展的过程,它是通过促进传统农业部门向现代工业部门的转化来实现经济的一体化发展。本文系统梳理了国内外发展经济学界对二元经济结构转化的文献,许多经济学家也就此问题提出了各种各样的分析,并对如何实现转化提出了许多值得借鉴的措施,但中国二元经济结构的形成有其自身的特殊性,它不仅表现为传统意义上的城乡对立,而且还表现为城市化进程中的城市发展的二元性、甚至表现为对工业化理论本身的认识对立等。本文认为工业化是一种新的生产方式,工业化是一种新的社会组织形式、工业化是一种新的生活方式、工业化是一个与经济发展同步的制度创新的过程、工业化是一场新的社会变革。在此基础上,选取了中国工业化进程中的农业产业化问题；中国城市化发展过程中的城中村改造问题；中国农村劳动力转移中的“农民市民化”问题为研究对象,围绕“工业化”主题,对中国城乡二元经济现调整路径作出深入分析和探讨。本文第一章导论介绍了研究背景和已有研究,概述了目前我国经济发展的现状,回顾了国内外对二元经济结构和二元经济转化的文献,运用定量分析的方法,分析了影响我国二元经济结构强度的经济因素,并在此基础上提出本文的研究内容。第二章工业化与二元经济结构调整：理论解释和中国现实是全文的理论解释和依据,探讨了我国二元经济体制下的传统工业化理论依据和存在的缺陷和不足,提出适应经济发展方式转变的新工业化理论,从理论上阐释了具有中国特色的新型工业化。第三章中国新型工业化的重要组成部分：农业产业化,指出农业产业化一方面是我国工业化的重要组成部分,另一方面是我国城市化的初始动力,农业产业化应该以提高农民收入,缩小城乡差距为最终目标。第四章我国二元经济结构调整中的城市发展：以城中村改造为例,介绍了城中村问题的由来和困境,指出城中村改造是我国城市化进程中的新课题,通过运用城中村改造博弈论模型分析政府部门、城中村村民和开发商三方的策略和收益,总结了城中村改造的成功经验,提出城中村改造和城市化进程中的制度创新。第五章我国二元经济结构调整中的劳动力转移：农民工市民化问题,回顾了中国农村劳动力转移的历史演变,分析了中国城市化进程中的农民工市民化问题,以云南省为例,使用“云南青年发展研究数据库”分析了农民工群体的发展现状和农民工市民化的困境,探讨农民工市民化的有效路径。第六章结论与展望对中国二元经济结构的特点、新型工业化的意义和全文讨论的三个热点问题进行总结,并提出了本文研究的不足和今后的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the early days, the economic base of China is relatively weak. In order to change this situation rapidly, the "urban bias" industrial policy has been taken, so a relatively complete industrial system was established in a short time. At the same times, overall national strength has been markedly enhanced and people’s living standards have been greatly improved. But in a mainly rural population of China, the industrialization policy which accelerated industrialization at the expense of agricultural development has bring two serious problem. At the one hand, this policy undermines the interests of the peasants,at the other hand, it brings a high degree of imbalance in urban and rural development, consequencesly urban-rural income gap is widening seriously, the relatively developed urban-industrial and the behind the tradition of traditional agriculture format a development economist which was described as dual economic structure. After reform and opening up, Athough China’s economic and social development quickly and the GDP increase rapidly, the dual economic structure is still exist fundamentally. Long-term existence of dual economic structure is still an important feature of our economy, which hinder economic development and affect the social stability to a certain extent. Getting rid of urban-rural dual economic structure and promoting urban and rural development is a long-term strategy for China’s economic development goals. "Communist Manifesto" states the most advanced countries in the approach taken is the combination of agriculture and industry, to promote the gradual elimination of differences between urban and rural areas, only the first to break the layout of the city’s industrial point of view and reality, "to make These are pushed out of the industrial workers will not work or is not collected and the city will not be forced, they must be engaged in industrial labor in the countryside","big industry in the national distribution is as balanced as possible to eliminate the separation of urban and rural conditions, So from that side, to eliminate separation of urban and rural areas this is not a fantasy."Dual economic structure transformation process is essentially a process of economic development, which is achieve economic integration by promoting traditional agricultural sector into the modern industrial sector. This thesis reviews the literature about the domestic and international development economics session of the dual economic structure transformation domestic and foreign. Although many economists have raised this issue a variety of analysis and the proposed measures. However, the formation of China’s dual economic structure has its own characteristics, it is not only the traditional sense of the urban and rural opposition, but also in the process of urbanization in the duality of urban development, industrialization and even the performance of the theory itself understanding of such opposition. This paper argues that industrialization is a new mode of production, a new form of social organization, a new way of life, a simultaneous process of institutional innovation and a new social change. On this basis, around the industrialization theme, we analysis and discuss the path of the Chinese urban and rural economy adjustment by China’s industrialization process selected in the agricultural industry issues; China’s urbanization process, Reconstruction of the Village issue; China’s rural labor force in the peasant community.The first chapter of this paper introduces background and existing research, it summarizes present situation of economic development of China and review the dual economic structure and transformation of the dual economic literature at home and abroad. Using quantitative analysis method, this paper analyzes the effect on our country’s dual economic structure of the strength of the economic factors, and put forward in this paper on the basis of the research content. The second chapter industrialization and dualistic economic structure adjustments:theoretical explanation is the theoretical explanation and basis of the full text, based on the dual economic system it probes into traditional industrialization theory basis and defects and shortcomings, presented to economic development mode change new industrialization theory, from theory explains the new industrialization with Chinese characteristics. The third chapter an important part of the new industrialization -industrialization of agriculture in China, In the fourth chapter dual economic structure adjustment of city development:to the urban village reconstruction for example. And the fifth chapter:dual economic structure adjustment of the "the agricultural laborer resident" is discussed the above three problems in detail, and combined with case study,discusses the results of bridging China’s dual economic path. The third chapter analyzes the historical process of the industrialization of agriculture in our country and the existing problems of farming that is no theme. It points out that the industrialization of agriculture, on the one hand, is an important part of industrialization, on the other hand is the initial motive force of China’s urbanization. Industrialization of agriculture should be to increase farmers’income, and the ultimate goal is narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. The fourth chapter presents the origin of the problems of villages and troubles. It points out that urban village reconstruction is the new issues in China’s urbanization, through the application of villages game theory model to analyze the government departments, the city and the developers’ strategy and earnings. Summarizes the successful experience of urban village reconstruction and put forward the system innovation in urban village reconstruction and urbanization process. The fifth chapter reviews historical evolution of the transfer of rural labor in China. It The analysis of people of migrant workers problems in urbanization of China. Yunnan province as an example, using "Yunnan communist youth league work research database" analyzes the current situation of the development of the rural migrant workers group and the plight of the agricultural laborer resident, then discusses the effective path to citizenship to migrant workers.The sixth chapter conclusion and comments:summarize the characteristics of China’s dual economic structure, the significance of the new industrialization and three hot problems which discuss in whole text, and put forward the insufficiency in this paper and direction of the future research.更多还原