【作者】 高兴；

【导师】 李亮之；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 产品系统设计与理论， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 从系统科学的角度来讲,设计一方面是以人的意志为支配,另一方面又受到客观物质性的制约,从构想到行为再到最终的产物,不仅人的意志作为设计的灵魂而且物质作为必要的条件,使精神与物质合一作为线索贯穿设计的全程。人的意志与物质的高度结合,促使伦理考量(有关人际关系的思考)经常化与持久化,并现实的表现为对实践原则及产物评价标准不断修正,使之越来越呈现跨越现实和特定场域的特点,不仅针对局部人群而且指向全人类;不仅适用于现实阶段而且指向未来。建基于此,将伦理具体为设计的一种属性并不能体现出伦理考量与设计实践之间的本质关系,因为设计与伦理之间的关系不能表面化的理解为:设计的行为接受伦理的考量并对应为有关具体产物的评价;也不能简单的视作设计实践所需的实践原则和属性,而要深化为针对设计实践整体规划、现实约束和未来引导的认知与实践相结合的系统,这个系统兼具认知、导向和监控等多元的职能。以此为基础,对于设计伦理原则加以确立并不断进行必要的细化,成为设计实践及理论大力发展的重要举措。通过对当代社会设计实践中伦理现状的无立场批判,对于设计伦理与设计行为之间的关系,立足学理立场的辨析以及将设计回归到价值本原进行的伦理分析,在较为全面的获知现有设计伦理面目的基础上使有关设计伦理认识获得提高成为必然。相应的对于设计伦理原则的明确提出并在设计实践中获得根本性推进所需的路径和举措也逐渐显现出来,设计伦理原则被落实为:确立向自然学习的方法路径,秩序的创立、遵守和不断校正,以产物的普适性体现群体公众性,充分体现设计产物的伦理宣示功能,在设计实践中解构“人-利益”关系等5点。这5个原则体现了设计伦理在设计实践中获得推进的应然与必然;若干举措则在实践的层面担负着设计伦理原则细化的工作,为现实设计的日臻完善提供了行动的导向及产物的评判依据。可以认为,设计伦理原则细化的使命是针对于现实和未来两个部分而言的,虽然具有时间的差别但却同时释义着整个人类社会的设计实践;而另一方面,这两者之间的时间差别又现实的需要有关设计伦理原则细化的思路相应做出调整,在实现总体伦理推进的同时兼顾发展过程的梯次和前后举措的延续性;在设计伦理原则的细化过程中,还应该关注法律的保障作用。尤其在设计权益、自然环境等不能完全依靠道德自律纠偏的环节,法律的公正性和强制性无疑使之成为设计伦理存在的唯一保障。此外,在系统科学的视域中,要使设计伦理获得广泛的认知,展现其应有的价值,一方面需要通过现实的物质化与非物质化途径实现人类幸福的最大化;另一方面则需要以设计伦理委员会的方式进行相应环节的监督和校正,体现对设计伦理及原则的评估。前者体现了设计伦理造福当代的使命,后者则反映了其造福全人类的情怀,而这些内容共同诠释了设计伦理原则细化的含义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Systematically speaking, design is subject to both human’s mind and objective material. From the idea to practice and final product, human mind as the spirit of design works all the time while material as a necessity guarantees the realization of design in both spiritual and physical ways. The cooperation of human mind and material makes ethic consideration about human relationship frequent and perpetuate by constantly correcting practical principals and appraising standard of products to make it exhibit increasingly characteristics transcending reality and specified context, or to make it for all the human beings instead of certain groups and for future instead of present. Therefore, taking ethics as a feature of design does not necessarily realize the intrinsic relationship between ethic consideration and design practice, which cannot be simply understood as ethic consideration of design practice and ethic appraisement of specific products. Instead of being limited simply to a principle and virtue of practical design, design ethics should be taken as a recognition and methodology system of multiple functions such as overall planning of design practice, supervision, and future direction. Therefore, the concretization of design ethics should be a crucial step in the development of design practice and theory.Through an unconditional criticism of the status of design ethics in practice, the academic study of design ethics and design practice, and ethic analysis of the returning of design to original values, will necessarily improves the understanding of design ethics after acquiring comprehensively the existent purposes of design ethics. The correspondent ways, principles and methods in realizing design ethics will gradually appear. As a necessary methodology and principle to practice reality design, the concretization of design ethics is carried out in the following steps: establishing the proper way of studying from nature, setting up and observance and constant correction of orders, exhibiting people’s publicity through product’s adaptability, realization of proclaiming function of design product, deconstruction of the people-interest relationship. The five principles show the necessity and inevitability of promoting the concretization of design ethics in design practice. Many measures can be taken to provide appraising standard and guidelines for promoting of design ethics in design practice.It can be said that the concretization of design ethics is for today and future, which are different in time but work together to form the whole humanity’s design practice. The temporal difference between today and future requires the readjustment of concretization of design ethics and makes sure that the overall development of ethics can coexists with gradualness and continuousness of development. The concretization of design ethics also requires legal guarantee since in design rights and interests, environment which cannot rely solely on ethic self-regulation, legal justice and obligation are the chief safeguard for design ethics.In addition, in terms of systematic theory, wide acceptation and realization of the value of design ethics relies on the maximization of humanity’s happiness through actual materialization and dematerialization, and the supervision and correction of all the steps of design ethics through appraising the concretization of design ethics by design ethics committees, the former of which represents the mission of concretization of ethic design to do good to today’s society while the latter of which embodies its concern with human’s future.更多还原