【作者】 雷蓉；

【导师】 马秋禾；

【作者基本信息】 解放军信息工程大学 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在轨几何定标是实现卫星遥感影像高精度定位和获取高几何质量卫星影像的关键技术和必要环节。它可以有效消除卫星平台和传感器系统的主要系统误差及部分偶然误差,为实现卫星影像的高精度定位、充分发挥高分辨率卫星影像的应用效能提供保证。本文紧紧围绕星载线阵CCD在轨几何定标相关的理论和方法展开系统研究,论文完成的主要工作和创新点有:1.研究了现有星载线阵列CCD传感器的成像特点,着重分析了ALOS/PRISM与资源三号两种三线阵卫星传感器,比较和归纳了现有星载线阵传感器几何定标的内容和方法。2.归纳并提出了以传感器为中心和以卫星本体为中心的两种严格成像模型,并在此基础上建立了两种可用于几何定标的星载线阵CCD严格成像模型;以SPOT-5/HRS影像和ALOS/PRISM影像为例,验证了本文提出的成像模型的正确性和有效性,揭示了基于卫星定位测姿系统进行传感器直接定位的精度潜力。3.提出了星载线阵CCD传感器自检校附加参数模型。该模型综合考虑了线阵CCD像元尺寸、焦距、分片CCD相对位置以及镜头光学畸变等多种物理因素对卫星影像成像点位的影响,实验表明本文选择的自检校附加参数是合理的。4.以传感器严格成像模型、自检校附加参数模型和外方位建模为基础,建立了多模式线阵传感器自检校区域网平差的数学模型,为星载线阵传感器在轨几何定标提供了严密的理论模型。5.针对卫星飞行平稳的特点,提出了外方位直接校正模型,剖析了自检校区域网平差系统的误差方程结构及其法方程结构。实验验证了该平差模型用于星载线阵传感器在轨几何定标的可行性,且在保证定标精度的同时能够明显提高答解效率。6.本文分别利用模拟和实际数据,进行了多模式线阵传感器自检校区域网平差综合实验,验证了外方位元素描述模型、内方位自检校参数设置和点松弛法解算的合理性;分析并比较了分段多项式、定向片和直接校正自检校区域网平差模型的定标精度,证明了以上三种模型均可用于星载线阵传感器在轨几何定标。7.借鉴国外星载线阵CCD传感器几何定标的成功经验,从定标内容和方法的角度进行分析,对我国卫星地面几何检校场的建设提出了合理化建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In-flight geometric calibration is a crucial technique and an essential processing step to obtain spatial remote sensing imagery with great geometric quality and high positioning precision. It can effectively eliminate both system error and random error caused by satellite platforms and sensor systems, and therefore, provides great assurance to both image positioning and image application.In this thesis, in-flight geometric calibration theories and techniques of spatial linear array CCD sensors were systematically researched. The main work and innovations are listed as follows.1. Imaging characteristics of current spatial linear array CCD sensors were analyzed.Both ALOS/PRISM and ZY03 three-line-array satellites sensors were introduced, and the geometrical calibration contents and methods of space-borne linear array sensors were compared and summarized.2. Two types of rigorous geometric model were proposed, whose origins were set on sensor center and satellite body respectively. And subsequently, two specific rigorous geometric models were constructed for geometric calibration of space-borne linear array CCD sensors.Both SPOT-5/HRS and ALOS/PRISM image data sets were used in the experiments, the experimental results proved the feasibility and precision of the proposed model.3. A self-calibration model was proposed for space-borne linear array CCD sensors. And for the model, physical factors such as CCD pixel size transformation, focus transformation, aligning CCD position transformation, camera optical distortion and so on, were integrated to correct pixel displacement of satellite images. And the rationality of the additional parameter was validated.4. Rigorous geometric model, interior orientation self-calibration model and exterior orientation expressing model were analyzed. And based on the analysis, multi-mode linear array sensor self-calibration block adjustment models were constructed to provide theoretical models for in-flight geometric calibration of space-borne linear array sensors.5. According to the stable characteristic of satellite orbits, Direct Calibration Model (DCM) of exterior orientation parameters was proposed. The structures of error equation and norm equation of the model block adjustment system were analyzed. And the solution efficiency and direct geo-referencing precision was improved. Experimental results proved the feasibility of applying DCM block adjustment model to the in-flight calibration of spatial linear array sensors.6. For space-borne linear array sensors, both simulation and truly obtained dataset were used for experiments of multi-mode linear array sensor self-calibration block adjustment. The reasonability of exterior parameter describing models, interior self-calibration parameter setup and point relaxation computation were comprehensively validated. Calibration precisions of Piecewise Polynomial Model (PPM), Orientation image Interpolation Model (OIM) and DCM self-calibration block adjustment model were analyzed and compared. And the three models were proved by experiments to be useful for in-flight geometric calibration of space-borne linear array sensors.7. Abroad geometric calibration experience of space-borne linear array CCD sensors was studied. Focusing on the content and method of geometric calibration, a few rational considerations to the construction of geometric calibration test-field in our country were proposed.更多还原