【作者】 李浩；

【导师】 毛其智； 王凯；

【作者基本信息】 中国城市规划设计研究院 ， 城市规划与设计， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 当前我国城乡发展面临环境、经济、社会三大危机,转型发展要求十分强烈。日益兴起的生态、低碳城市规划建设已从专家学者的个别呼吁走向广泛的社会认同,从纯理论式的谋划和构想走向实实在在的建设行动,成为推动城市发展模式转变的关键内容。本文基于“生态城市”的基础理论和思想观念,提出了改进城市规划工作的系列要求。生态城市概念的提出代表着人们对改造城市环境和发展条件,追求理想的、高质量的城市发展目标的一种美好期望,其内涵突出地体现为健康、协调、可持续三个方面。从实践来看,生态城市规划实效性难以提高的内在原因主要体现在社会-经济-自然因素的复杂交织、生态城市-区域系统的相互影响、生态城市建设过程的长期性、生态城市规划建设主体的两面性等几个方面。借鉴复杂性科学理论,积极改进生态城市规划建设活动,应在城乡规划体系内开展整体性研究与规划、采取定性定量相结合的研究方法、强调多学科综合研究、注重微观研究与宏观研究结合等。基于“生态城市”理念,城市规划工作改进的当务之急在于凝聚共识,即从指导思想、程序机制、规划内容、实施保障等方面实现城市规划的体系内改造与再生。范式转变是城市规划工作改进的关键内容,中国当代城市规划的转型,必须以“生态”理念为思想导向,改造规划价值观,更新规划认识论,从被动的生态环境保护转向主动式的宜居环境建设,从经济主导的发展规划转向民生主导的协调性规划,从孤立单一的城市自身规划转向城市-区域的共同协作与治理。程序和制度对于城市规划工作改进具有重要意义。既定与生态有关的规划模式常常与法定规划相脱节,未能发挥其应有的积极作用。本研究提出整体系统改进城市规划工作的“法定生态专项研究”工作机制的制度设计,重点从生态调查与评价、生态导向的规划目标选择、生态空间布局的战略性调控、生态支撑体系与政策、规划实施评估之生态分析等环节落实生态、低碳发展理念与要求。为有效落实生态、低碳发展要求,需要在区域规划、城市总体规划、控制性详细规划等城乡规划的不同阶段,积极完善规划编制的有关内容。从实施机制来看,导致当前城市规划工作“生态失范”的原因在于城市发展模式的粗放,且与政府行为有紧密的关联。城市规划事业未来发展的希望在于自下而上的市民规划力量的培育,只有切实培育起自下而上的市民规划力量,才能从深层机制上为生态、低碳规划内容的真正落实创造可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, urban and rural development is facing environmental, economic and social crisis, transformation of development is strongly requested. Ecological, low-carbon city planning and construction, more than the appeal from experts and scholars, is gradually realized and accepted by the society planning; and vision of the form of pure theory, is starting with implemental construction work which becomes the key elements of the transformation of city development. Based on the basic theories and ideas of the "eco-city", this article comes up with a series of requirements, in order to improve planning work.The emergence of eco-city concept represents that people are willing to improve the urban environment and development conditions, that aims to pursuit of the ideal and high quality urban development goal, its meaning is prominently reflected in the health, coordination and sustainability. Practically, the implementation of eco-city is less effective, because of the complex interweave of the social-economic-natural factors, influence of eco-city between regional system, the long-term process of the eco-city construction, the two sides of eco-city planning and construction etc. Draw on a complex scientific theory, and actively improve the eco-city planning and construction activities, the research of integrity and planning should be carried out in urban and rural planning system, with a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, emphasizing the multi-disciplinary research, focusing on micro and macro combination.Based on the concept of "eco-city", the top priority of urban planning to build up consensus, to achieve the transformation and regeneration in the urban planning system, through the guiding ideology, procedures, mechanisms, planning content, the implementation guarantee and so on. The paradigm shift is the key city to improve planning. The transformation of contemporary urban planning, the concept of "ecology-oriented" leads to renew planning value and update the planning epistemological shift from passive protection of ecological environment to the active construction of livable environment, from economy-driven development planning shift to people’s livelihood and led the coordination of planning, from the isolated single city planning shift to collaboration and governance of the city-the region.Procedure and mechanism are important for the urban planning improvement. Established ecological planning model is well coincident with the statutory planning, which is unable to play a positive role. In this study, adding the working mechanism of statutory ecological special study to integrated system, analyzing the ecological survey and evaluation of the eco-oriented planning target, strategic control of ecological layout, ecological support system and policy t, planning and implementation of assessment etc. to implement the ecological, low-carbon development concept and requirements. Aim to achieve effective implementation of the ecological, low-carbon development, all stages of regional plan, comprehensive plan, control and detail plan need to improve the planning formulation content.From the view of implementation mechanism, the current city planning "eco-loss" is that because of the extensive urban development m, which closely associated with government action. The future planning development relies on the bottom-up force of the public planning cultivation. As long as effectively cultivate bottom-up force of the public planning, help the implementation of low-carbon planning content from the deep mechanism level.更多还原