【作者】 苗成林；

【导师】 冯俊文；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在复杂多变的市场环境和日益明显的差异化消费中,企业的竞争优势越来越依赖于企业的能力。企业能力是无形的,产生于各种有形资源和无形资源的相互作用中。从本质上来讲,企业是一个能力系统,因此从能力角度来认识、理解企业,更能体现现代企业的本质。首先,企业实际拥有的能力决定了企业的规模和边界,也决定了多元化战略和跨国经营战略的广度和深度；其次,积累、开发和运用能力来进行产品创新和服务创新,决定了企业可持续的竞争优势。企业能力系统是企业拥有和控制(企业可以在完全竞争的市场中获得这种能力或者企业不需付出高额成本就可得到)的所有能力的有机组合,它是由相互联系的能力或能力集组成的,它们彼此相互关联、相互影响,并通过与外部环境的不断交互学习来积累经验,优化各个能力或能力集的构成关系和作用强度,增强自身的实力,其目的是为社会创造价值并获取长期竞争优势。企业能力系统能综合反映企业的素质,是企业赖以生存和发展的基石。本文从企业内部和外部相结合的角度寻找企业成长和持续竞争优势的成因,将企业能力系统管理过程化并采用适当的方法研究,不仅进一步完善了企业战略管理的方法,而且将企业能力系统管理的理论、实践与研究方法向前推进了,对企业的生存和发展更具有解释力和现实意义。能力系统管理的理念来源于习惯领域理论和能力集分析方面的研究,其中“能力”是对其中个人能力的拓展,包括了一切有机组织的能力,包括企业等,“系统”是对其中“集”或者“集合”理念的拓展,而“管理”是对其中“分析”的拓展。能力系统管理主要是基于“过程”的理念将管理的各个环节过程化,即明确各个管理行为的工作依据、前提以及成果,设计其管理行为的实现方式和方法即工具和技术设计。本文基于“过程”的理念并结合伊夫·多兹(Yves Doz)教授对能力管理的分类和能力管理存在的五个问题,探讨企业能力系统管理的过程和方法,并进行必要的测评研究。因此本文的主要创新性工作有：(1)构建了企业能力系统管理研究的一般框架；为了便于企业能力系统管理进行系统性的研究,结合习惯领域的基本理论、企业能力理论和能力系统管理的内容构建了企业能力系统管理研究的一般框架。(2)研究了企业能力系统协同作用机理；基于协同学理论,采用系统动力学的方法构建了企业能力系统协同作用的自组织演化模型,按照协同方式进行协调、相互合作实现一致性和互补性,使得各系统间不断产生协同作用,企业能力系统实现自组织,从一种无序状态到有序状态,从一种低级有序状态到另一种新的高级有序状态,从而构成一个完整有序的能力系统管理过程。(3)分别研究了企业能力系统管理的六个过程及其方法；根据构建的企业能力系统管理的研究框架,从企业的有形资源和无形资源采用知识管理方法进行能力系统开发,将开发后的能力系统采用模糊粗集神经网络的方法扩张到企业实际需要的能力系统,依据环境变化的需要将扩张后的能力系统采用蚁群算法筛选并构建整合小组进行整合,将整合后的能力系统在动态竞争环境中采用期权博弈的方法寻找最佳发挥时机进行发挥,随着动态市场的不断变化,将企业具有的能力系统采用粗集理论进行更新,从而得到具有竞争优势的能力系统。虽然能力系统能为企业带来巨大的效益,但能力系统也存在问题及危机隐患和不良现象,构建能够反映企业能力系统状况并指导能力系统改进方向和目标的成熟度模型,采用属性数学模型及群体层次分析法对其进行评价,运用情景规划法构造预警体系,寻求最佳的防范预控对策,做到防患于未然,为企业的发展提供更为有效的能力系统。(4)给出了企业能力系统管理的测评及其提升方法。根据能力系统管理六个过程的研究,设计测评准则和测评程序,建立指标体系,采用模糊群体层次分析法对选取的两个企业进行了能力系统管理的实证测评研究,再根据能力系统管理的测评研究及前面的理论和研究给出了企业能力系统管理的提升方法。总之,本文是将企业能力系统管理分为能力系统开发、能力系统扩张、能力系统整合、能力系统发挥、能力系统更新、能力系统成熟度与预警六个过程,并分别运用适当的方法和数学模型逐个展开研究,最后给出了能力系统管理的测评和提升方法。通过本论文的研究,将建立一个对企业能力系统管理系统分析和研究的基本理论,为企业获得持续竞争优势提供一个较为科学和合理的管理决策框架体系和管理决策过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the complicated and diversified market environment and the obvious variation expense, enterprise’s competitive advantage relies on more and more enterprise’s competence. Enterprise competence is invisible, producing in interaction between each visible resources and invisible resources. Essentially speaking, future enterprise will be a competence system; therefore, knowing and understanding enterprise from competence angle, that can manifest the modern enterprise’s essence. First, the competence which enterprise has actually has decided enterprise’s scale and boundary and the multiplex strategy and transnational operations strategy’s breadth and depth; next, accumulating, developing and applying competence for product innovation and service innovation, that have decided enterprise sustainable competitive advantage.Enterprise competence system is the organic combination of all competence which enterprise has and controls (enterprise may obtain this kind of competence in completely completive market or may obtain without needing putting in high quota cost), it is composed of mutual connection competence or competence set, they mutually associate and influence each other, and accumulate experience through unceasingly alternately studying with external environment, that optimizes each competence or competence set’s constitution relation and affection intensity, and strengthens themselves strength to creating value for society and gaining enterprise’s long-term competitive advantage. Competence system can synthetically reflect enterprise’s quality and it is enterprise livelihood and development’s cornerstone. This article seeks for the origin of enterprise growth and continual competitive advantage from the angle of unifying enterprise exterior and interior, and makes enterprise competence system management be procedural and studies them by the suitable methods, hasn’t only further consummated the enterprise strategy management methods, but also prompts the theory, the practice and the study methods of enterprise competence system management, and has stronger explanation and practical significance to enterprise’s survival development.Competence system management’s idea originates from the studies of habitual domain theory and competence set analysis aspect, "competence" is the development of the individual competence, including all organic organization’s competence, including enterprise and so on, "system" is the development of the "set" idea, but "management" develops "the analysis". The competence system management makes management’s each link be procedural based on "the process idea", namely defines each management actions’work reason, premise as well as achievement, and designs management actions’ realization manners and methods i.e. the tool and the technology design.Based on "the process idea" and unifying professor Yves Doz’s classification to competence management and five questions of competence management, this article discusses the enterprise organization competence system management’s theory and method system, and conducts the essential evaluation study.First, construct the frame of enterprise competence system management.To systematically study, this article constructs the frame of enterprise competence system management combining with habitual domain theory, enterprise competence theory and competence system management’s contents.Second, study enterprise competence system synergism mechanism.This article constructs the self-organization evolution model by the collaborative theory and system dynamics method. Enterprise competence system coordinates and cooperates mutually by the coordination way to realize the uniformity and the complementarity, it unceasingly produces the synergism, so that enterprise competence system realizes the organization, from one kind of disordered state to ordered state, from one kind of preliminary ordered state to another kind of new high-level ordered state, so constituting a complete competence system management process.Third, study enterprise competence system management’s six processes and their methods.According to the frame of enterprise competence system management, through knowledge management’s method, unceasingly refine and test the knowledge which enterprise has and absorbs from the exterior, develop competence system from enterprise’s visible resources and invisible resources; expand them to the enterprise actual need competence system by the fuzzy rough neural network method; screen the developed and expanded enterprise competence system by the ant group algorithm, then compose competence aggregation group to aggregate competence; leverage the aggregated competence system by the real options game method for seeking the optimal opportunity in the dynamic competition environment; make renewal along with the dynamic market unceasing change for making enterprise’s competence system have the competitive advantage. Competence system can bring the huge benefit for the enterprise, but competence system also has the problem and the crisis and the undesirable tendency, constructing the maturity model which can reflect enterprise competence system condition and instruct competence system’s improvement direction and goal, using the attribute mathematical model and the fuzzy group analytic hierarchy process to appraise it, then constructing the enterprise competence system early-warning system by the scenario planning theory to seek the best guard countermeasure and prevent accidents before they occur, that can provide more perfect competence system for enterprise development.Fourth, giving the enterprise competence system management’s evaluation and lifting methods.According to the study of competence system management’s six processes, designing the evaluation criteria and evaluation processes, establishing indicators, and giving the empirical evaluation of two selected enterprises competence system management by the fuzzy group analytic hierarchy process, and giving the lifting methods based on the evaluation and the previous theory and study.In brief, the enterprise competence system management is divided into seven processes i.e. competence system definition, competence system development, competence system expansion, competence system aggregation, competence system leverage, competence system renewal, competence system management maturity and early-warning, and separately researching on them one by one by utilizing the suitable method and mathematical model, lastly, giving enterprise competence system management’s evaluation and lifting methods.Through this article’s study, we can constitute a basic theory of making system analysis and study on the enterprise competence system management, it provides more scientific and reasonable management decision frame system and management decision process for enterprise obtaining the continual competitive advantage.更多还原