【作者】 赵莉；

【导师】 袁振洲；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 城市轨道交通枢纽作为城市综合客运网络中的重要节点,其合理规划、设计、建设与否直接影响着综合客运网络的整体效率和“以人为本”的服务水平的高低,更直接关系到乘客在枢纽内集散换乘的出行效率。目前我国针对轨道交通枢纽的规划、设计还是一种宏观的规划工作,缺少运用交通工程学的理论与方法,指导枢纽从规划到建设实施的中微观层面的设计工作。为此,本文以城市轨道交通枢纽为研究对象,探讨枢纽交通设计的基本理论与方法。论文首先提出了城市轨道交通枢纽交通设计的基本概念,指出了其在交通规划中所处的地位,阐述了枢纽交通设计的对象、目标、原则、内容与流程,从而构筑了贯穿于交通规划、土木工程设计与运营信息管理的枢纽交通设计理论框架。在此基础上,重点以枢纽的空间资源整合优化为研究内容,从枢纽的设施布局和能力配置两方面建立了相应的模型。在枢纽设施布局方面,首先从交通设计的角度系统地分析了城市轨道交通枢纽的系统构成,从出行者在枢纽内的活动出发,提出了行人流线生成方法、流线分析和冲突消除方法,并以流线分析结果为基础,提出将枢纽流线干扰度、换乘阻抗作为衡量枢纽布局结构效用的定量评价指标,建立了以结构效用最优为目标的设施布局优化模型。在枢纽能力协调规划方面,针对客流经过通道类设施、服务类设施和换乘类设施的不同延误产生机理,分别建立了乘客通过通道类设施、服务类设施的延误模型和乘客在换乘类设施的平均候车时间模型,结合实测数据和仿真数据对模型进行了参数标定及验证。将轨道交通枢纽抽象成一个由点和弧组成的有向网络,在此基础上,建立了上层为枢纽行人网络系统总体效率最优化,下层为标准的用户最优问题的设施能力优化双层规划模型,并采用基于启发式算法的枚举法对模型进行了求解。最后,以设施布局和能力优化结果为依据,针对枢纽内局部交通设施(包括步行通道、售检票设施、公交候车区域、自行车停放区等)进行了微观交通设计研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important node in the passenger transportation network, the rational planning, design, and construction of urban rail transit hub, which is directly impact on the overall efficiency of integrated passenger transportation network and the level of service of "people-oriented", for further, directly related to the travel efficient of passengers in the course of transferring. At present, the planning and design for urban rail transit hub is a macroscopic mode in China, which lack of the use of traffic engineering theory and methods to guide the hub from planning to construction and implementation of the midscopicand and microcosmic design. Therefore, the fundamental theory and methods of traffic design of urban rail transit hubs is explored in this dissertation.Above all, the thesis gives a clear definition of traffic design of urban rail transit hub and the role that traffic design of rail transit hub plays in transportation planning. Objectives, principles, contents and processes of the transit hub design are also illustrated, constructing the theoretical framework of traffic design of rail transit hub that runs through transportation planning, civil engineering and operational management. Based on the above concepts, focus on the integration and optimization of space resource, transit hubs facility layout model and transit hubs capacity planning model are separately established.In the aspect of transit hub facility layout, the systematic composition of rail transit hub is discussed from the perspective of traffic design, and then, a analysis of how to create pedestrian flow lines and the elimination methods of collision points are discussed. On the basis of these results, quantitative evaluation index such as degree of interference, transfer impedance are defined to measure the structural utility of the transit hub facility layout plans, and then a model with the goal of minimum the structural minus utility is built.In the aspect of transit hub capacity planning, firstly, three different kinds of delay are discussed in the course of pedestrian passing the on channel class facilities, services class facilities and transfer class facilities, and then, the delay model on channel class facilities, services class facilities and transfer class facilities are built based on the classification of delay. This paper also gives a model calibration and validation using practically measuring data combined with simulation data. Secondly, the thesis abstracts rail transit hub to a directional network composed of nodes and links, and a two-layer capacity planning model is established, the upper planning model is based on efficiency optimization of passenger network system in the transit hub, and the lower planning model is a standard user equilibrium problem. And at last an enumeration algorithm based on heuristic algorithm is used to solve this model.Finally, according to the results of facility layout and capacity planning, this paper presents a study of microcosmic design of sectional facilities including walking passages, checking ticket facilities, bus waiting areas and bicycle parking areas.更多还原