【作者】 许金立；

【导师】 张明玉；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 企业管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着人民生活水平的提高和农业结构的调整,农业发展的焦点已经从生产环节转向了流通环节。发展农产品物流是建设社会主义新农村的重要推动力,是我国由农业大国走向农业强国的必经之路,对于促进农民持续增收和保障消费安全具有十分重要的意义。但是在农产品物流运行过程中,无论是理论层面还是实践层面都无法回避农产品供应链极强的内生不稳定性和弱质性这一现实。因此,针对我国农产品物流的发展状况和趋势,解析农产品供应链内生不稳定性的根源并建立基于供应链协同运作的运行机制就成为我国农产品物流发展的首要任务。在这种背景下,本文依托国家自然科学基金项目“基于供应链战略协同的农产品物流运行机制与管理模式研究”(项目编号：70873006),借鉴发达国家农产品物流运行的先进经验,对农产品物流运行机制进行研究,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文研究了我国农产品物流的发展现状、存在的问题及发展趋势,借鉴众多学者的研究成果,构建了农产品供应链的战略协同体系。在此基础上,研究了农产品物流运行的组织机制、合作机制、利益机制和支撑机制。本文采取了归纳与演绎、逻辑模型和数学模型、比较分析等方法进行研究,得出以下主要研究结论：(1)本文基于供应链理论和交易费用理论,通过对农产品物流市场主体战略类型的分析认为供应链是介于市场和纵向一体化之间的“中间组织”,由具有不同核心竞争力的企业组织构成,当他们为实现共同的目标而努力的时候,供应链则成为最为有效率的组织形式。(2)通过对农产品供应链战略协同体系的构建,本文认为农产品供应链的战略协同可形成各节点共同认同并为之努力的共同目标,明确供应链的发展方向和各节点的定位；优化调整供应链组织结构,合理配置各节点的优势资源,充分整合并打造供应链的核心能力,合理协调利益分配,塑造各节点广泛认同的供应链文化,从而达到农产品供应链目标统一明确、组织完善有效、资源优化配置、能力融合提升、利益合理驱动、文化和谐推动的效果,实现农产品供应链的功能倍增和物流的顺畅、高效运行。(3)通过对农产品物流运行机制的分析,本文认为农产品物流运行机制主要包括组织机制、合作机制、利益机制和支撑机制四大方面,其中组织机制、合作机制和利益机制是物流运行机制的核心,三大机制可相互推动从而促进节点之间的战略协同。(4)通过对农产品物流组织现状的分析,本文认为农户分散经营不适合农产品“大流通”的要求,阻碍了农产品物流的运行和发展。农民专业合作社是消除农产品物流组织障碍的有效途径。通过以蒜苔为例构建农产品供应链单独决策与共同决策对比模型,得出在其他条件一定的情况下,联合决策的总收益都大于或等于单独决策下的总收益的结论,因此在农产品物流过程中应通过战略协同推动供应链节点之间的联合决策。(5)通过构建供应链节点博弈模型,得出在重复交易中,只要双方都关心彼此的长期利益,就会采取帕累托最优的策略,这样就使得各主体的合作行为取代了不合作行为。即在农产品物流过程中,相对于非合作行为而言,合作行为在理论上可以使企业通过合作获得比自己独立经营更大的收益,合作仍然是他们的最佳选择。(6)基于对农产品供应链节点间信任影响因素的分析提出了提高节点间信任程度的途径,节点间的信任能够提高农产品物流的效率。通过分析农产品物流信息共享的重要性和独特性,提出基于战略协同的农产品供应链可采取信息集中模式、电子集市模式和综合模式等方式来进行信息共享。(7)价值创造机制是农产品物流运营过程中供应链收益的来源,合理的分配机制是供应链各节点协同运作的保证,科学的激励机制是农产品供应链协同运作的支撑。本文提出了发展农产品敏捷物流、供应链多方投入、农产品物流增值服务等价值创造形式,提出了基于Shapley值的利润分配改进方法。在本论文的研究过程中,还取得了如下几点创新：一是构建了包括战略协同目标、阶段、内容、特征的农产品供应链战略协同体系,并提出了以组织建立、合作形成、利益协同为起点的战略协同模式；二是在四种典型组织界面的基础上提出了农产品供应链物流战略委员会、农产品供应链物流运作管理中心、农产品供应链周期性例会制等供应链组织沟通机制；三是针对农产品供应链多节点、易损耗等特点,引入农产品损耗因素对供应链主体博弈模型进行了适应性改进；四是针对农产品的鲜活特征,结合农产品物流理论与消费理论,将“新鲜度”引入农产品敏捷物流模式,并创新性地提出了农产品供应链各节点的多方投入机制和农产品物流的增值服务模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of people’s living standards and the adjustment of agricultural structure, the focus of agricultural development has shifted from production to circulation. The development of agricultural logistics is an important driving force to building a new socialist countryside, China’s only way from an major agricultural country into an agricultural power country and of great significance for the promotion of farmers’ income and protect consumer safety. But in the agricultural the logistics operation processes, whether it is theoretical or practical level can’t avoid the reality of a strong agricultural supply chain endogenous instability and the weak nature. Therefore, for China’s agricultural logistics development and trends, resolve agricultural supply chain endogenous source of instability and the establishment of collaborative supply chain operations, which are based on the operational mechanism, has become a top priority of China’s agricultural logistics development.In this context, this paper relies on the National Natural Science Foundation project "Based on supply chain strategy collaboration of agricultural logistics operation mechanism and management model research"(project number:70873006), borrowing from the advanced experience of the agricultural logistics operation in developed countries and researching agricultural logistics operating mechanism has great theoretical and practical significance.This paper studies China’s agricultural logistics development status, problems and trends, drawing on research results of many scholars to construct agricultural supply chain strategic collaboration system. On this basis, this paper research agricultural logistics operation organization mechanism, cooperation mechanism, the mechanism of interest and support. This paper has taken induction and deduction, logic and mathematical models, comparative analysis and other methods to study, draw the following main conclusions:(1) Based on supply chain theory and transaction cost theory, through the analysis of the main types of strategies about logistics market of agricultural products, this paper argues that supply chain is the "intermediary organizations" that between market and vertical integration, and it is constituted by the organizations with different core competencies. When they are making efforts to achieve common goal, the supply chain obtains the most efficient form of organization.(2) By the building of collaboration system of agricultural supply chain, this paper argues that the strategic collaboration of agricultural supply chain can form a common objective agreed and worked together for by each node, identify the development direction and position of each node; To achieve the agricultural supply chain’s effect of clear unity of purpose, organized and effective, optimal allocation of resources, ability integration and enhancing, reasonable driving of benefits and harmony promotion of culture by adjusting the supply chain organization structure optimally, configuring the advantage of resource of each node rationally, fully integrating and creating the core competencies of supply chain, coordinating the benefits allocation reasonably and creating a supply chain culture widely recognized by each node, and then realize the agriculture supply chain’s multiple increasing of function, smooth of logistics and efficient operation.(3) Through the analysis of agricultural logistics operation mechanism, this paper argues that agricultural logistics operation mechanism mainly includes organizational mechanism, cooperative mechanism, interests mechanism and support mechanism. Organizational mechanism, cooperative mechanism and interests mechanism are the core of the agricultural logistics operation mechanism. Three mechanisms can promote each other so as to promote strategic coordination between the nodes.(4) Through the analysis of logistics organizations status of agricultural products, this paper argues that farmers decentralized management is not suitable for requirements of agricultural products "large flow" and hinders the operation and development of agricultural products logistics. Farmers professional cooperatives are an effective way to eliminate barriers to agricultural logistics organizations. By the building a contrast model of individual decision-making and joint decision-making, taking garlic sprouts for instance, I obtained the conclusion that, in the case of certain other conditions, the total receipts of joint decision-making are greater than or equal to the total receipts of individual decision-making. Therefore, in the process of agricultural logistics, we should promote joint decision-making between supply chain nodes through strategic coordination.(5) By the building the game model of supply chain depot, I found that,in repeat transactions, as long as both are concerned about other’s long-term interests, they will take Pareto-optimal strategy, which makes the subject of cooperative behavior to replace the non-cooperative behavior. That is, in the process of agricultural logistics, compared to non-cooperative behavior, cooperative behavior, in theory, can make the enterprise to obtain a greater income through cooperation. So, cooperation is still their best choice.(6)Based on the analysis of factors that influence trust among Agricultural supply chain nodes, I proposed the way to improve trust degree. The trust among nodes can improve the efficiency of the agricultural products logistics. Through the analysis of the importance and uniqueness of agricultural products logistics information sharing, I proposed that agricultural supply chain,which based on strategic collaboration, can carry out information sharing through several models, including information centralized model, electronic market model and integrated model.(7) Value creation mechanism is the source to supply chain benefits during the agricultural supply chain’s operations. Reasonable allocation mechanism is the guarantee to supply chain nodes’ co-operation. Scientific incentives mechanism is the support to agricultural supply chain’s co-operation. The paper puts forward some value creation forms, such as developing agricultural agility logistics, developing supply chain multi-input, developing agricultural value-added logistics services, and the paper proposed the improved methods of profit distribution based on Shapley.There are several innovations in the research of this paper:Firstly, this paper builds the strategic coordination system of agricultural supply chain, including collaborative target, stage, content and features. Also, this paper put forward strategic coordination model, starting with organization building, cooperation forming and the coordination of interests. Secondly, based on the four typical organization interfaces, this paper proposes the organization and communication mechanisms of supply chain, which are agricultural supply chain logistics strategy committee, agricultural supply chain logistics management center and agricultural supply chain periodic regular meeting. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem that product supply chain is multi-node and easy loss, the paper introduces the agricultural product loss factors to carry out adaptability improvement on supply chain’s game model. Lastly, to direct at the fresh characteristic of farm product, this paper connect the theory of physical distribution and consumption of farm produce into the agile logistics mode, concluding the concept of "freshness". Based on the theory above, this paper innovatively put forward multi-investment mechanism of farming supply chain-joint and a new value-added service mode about agricultural logistics.更多还原