【作者】 孙晓飞；

【导师】 李育民；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 交通运输业作为国民经济的基础性、先导性、服务型产业,是维护经济运行与社会正常运转和协调发展的基本条件。公路运输是综合交通运输体系的重要组成部分,其发展水平的高低直接制约着整个交通运输产业的效率,并影响到经济与社会发展的速度和水平。改革开放以来,在公路、铁路、水路、民航、管道五大运输方式中,公路运输充分发挥了其他运输方式不可替代的作用,对推动中国社会主义现代化建设发挥了重要的作用,也对提高人民群众出行质量、改善生活面貌做出了重要的贡献。反过来,经济社会发展的日新月异,也对公路运输供给能力及服务水平提出了越来越高的要求。公路运输政策作为国家宏观经济政策的重要组成部分,为协调参与公路运输活动的各个经济主体之间利益关系提供了行为准则,为指导、规范公路运输业的可持续发展提供了体制机制上的保证。因此深化对公路运输产业政策的研究,不仅具有丰富的理论价值,更有深远的实践意义。本文将当代公路运输政策的演变历程置入中国公路运输发展的宏大背景下,展开历时性与共时性分析。全文包括绪论、第一、二、三、四、五章以及结束语,共七部分。绪论首先对公路运输、道路运输、道路运政管理、公路运输管理、运输政策等概念定义及内涵进行了界定,然后分析了从历史角度研究公路运输政策的意义,详述了当前理论界在公路运输政策方面取得的主要成果及研究不足,进而提出研究思路,并说明了本书创新之处,同时也分析了本文的不足之处及努力方向。第一章分中华民国时期、中华人民共和国成立后至改革开放前两个阶段,对改革开放以前公路运输政策的演变进行回顾,探讨政策制定实施的经验得失。第二章介绍了初步市场化进程阶段(1979-1991)公路运输政策转变的历史形势,从全面放开的市场准入、运输企业的全而改革、积极推进市场培育、市场监管政策的制度化等方面详细阐述了该阶段公路运输政策的具体内容、实施情况及对道路运输业和国民经济产生的影响,并简要分析了政策的成效及不足。第三章介绍了市场经济体制初步建立阶段(1992-2002)的公路运输政策制定实施的时代背景,从企业转换经营机制及推行股份制改革、市场准入的从严、以优化为中心的运输结构调整、全方位的市场监管等方面阐释了该阶段公路运输政策的具体内容、实施措施,分析了上述政策对道路运输业乃至经济社会发展产生的影响,最后简要评价了该阶段政策成效。第四章交代了市场经济体制完善阶段(2003-)公路运输政策调整的社会背景,然后从市场准入退出机制的统筹考虑、运输结构的全方位和深层次调整、市场监管理念及措施的创新等方面论述了该阶段公路运输政策的主要内容、实施举措,分析了政策的实施对道路运输行业和整个社会产生的影响,并对该阶段政策实施成效做了简短归纳。第五章归纳了改革开放以来各类公路运输政策的演变特点,,总结了当代公路运输政策制定实施的主要经验和教训,并结合行业发展实践提出了对今后10-20年公路运输政策应采取走向的一系列建议。结束语部分在全面分析政策演变特点及实施得失的基础上归纳出一系列结论：今后10-20年既是我国建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平小康社会的关键时期,也是建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的重要阶段,同时也是市场经济体制更加完善的时期。在市场经济条件下,行业法制建设必须重视完整性、前瞻性及可操作性；在完善法制建设的基础上,公路运输政策应当更加注重政策的科学性、系统性；道路运输管理中,行政、经济、法律三种手段相辅相成,不可偏废；应当把如何实现运输结构的科学调整作为今后政策完善的核心内容之一；解决现有公路运输政策的不足,不仅需要道路运输管理部门转变理念,更需要各级政府和交通主管部门转变理念,统筹交通基础设施建设及运输发展,科学构建综合运输体系,指导道路运输行业走科学发展之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transportation industry is one important part of national economy, playing a basic, vanguard and service role in national economy. It is the basic condition for the normal and harmonious development of economy and society. Highway transportation is an important part of the comprehensive system of transportation industry. The level of its development can directly restrict the efficiency of the overall transportation industry and influence the speed and conditions of economic and social development. After Chinese economic reform, highway transportation, one of the five transportation means—highway transportation, railway transportation, waterway transportation, civil aviation transportation and pipeline transport, is irreplaceable to national economy compared with the other four transportation means. It accelerates the development of Chinese socialist modernization, raises the quality of going out by the masses and improves people’s lives. By contraries, the fast development of economy and society also demands more and more from highway transportation in the fields of transport ability and service. As one important part of national macro-economic policy, the highway-transportation policy regulates the interest relationships among all kinds of economic bodies participating in the activities of highway transportation and guarantees, from the fields of system and mechanism, the continuable development of highway transportation. So to deeply research the highway-transportation policy has not only theoretical value but also profound practice value.This thesis, from the diachronic and synchronous views, analyses the development processes of present highway transportation under the large historical background of Chinese highway transportation development. It contains seven parts, i.e. introduction, chapter one, chapter two, chapter three, chapter four, chapter five and conclusion.In introduction part, it firstly confines several definitions, namely, highway transportation, road transportation, the management of road transportation, the management of highway transportation, transportation policy, etc... Then it analyses the value of studying highway-transportation policy from historical view. It expands the present main academic achievements and their shortcomings on highway-transportation policies, puts forward my studying format, talks about merits and demerits of this thesis as well.In chapter one, it is divided into two periods, namely, the period of from Republic of China to the People’s Republic of China, the period of from the People’s Republic of China to Chinese economic reform. It looks back on the development of highway-transportation policies before Chinese economic reform, and discusses the gains and losses of their formulating and application.In chapter two, it introduces the historical conditions during the period of marketization process (1979-1991). It expands the contents and applications of the policies during this period and their influences on the road transport and national economy from the fields of overall opening of market access, overall reform of transportation enterprises, and briefly analyses their effects and shortages.In chapter three, it introduces the background of formulating and applying highway-transportation policies during the newly-formulated period of socialist market economy (1992-2002). From the fields of enterprises changing their managerial mechanism and carrying out shareholding reform, strict market access, optimization-centered transportation structural adjustment, overall market regulations and so on, it explains the contents and applying countermeasures of the highway-transportation polices during this period and analyses their influences on road transport and even the economic and social development. At last, it briefly evaluates the effects of the policies during this period.In chapter four, it presents the social backgrounds of the adjustment of highway-transportation policies during the improving period of market economy (from 2003 up to now). From the fields of the overall consideration of market access and quitting mechanism, multidirectional and deep adjustment of transportation structure, concepts and countermeasures of market regulation and so on, it discusses the contents and applying countermeasures of the highway-transportation polices during this period and analyses their influences on road transport and even the society. And it makes a short conclusion on the effects of the policies.In chapter five, it concludes the development characteristics of all kinds of highway-transportation policies after reform and opening, summarizes the main experience and lessons during the formulating and applying modern highway-transportation policies. And based on the facts of this industry development, it discusses the probable tendency of highway-transportation policies in the following ten or twenty years.In conclusion part, it widely analyses the characteristics of the development of the policies and sum up, based on the gains and losses of their applications, a series of conclusions:the following ten or twenty years is the key period of forming a higher-level affluent society which can be benefited by over one billion Chinese, is an important stage of building prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modernized country, and is much more improved period of market economic mechanism; under the condition of market economy, industry legality building must focus on the integrity, the forward looking and operability; based on the improvement of legality building, highway-transportation policies should pay much more attentions on their scientificalness and systematicness; in road-transport regulating, the three means of administration, economy and laws are inseparably interconnected; how to fulfill scientific adjustment should be one of the cores of policy improvement in the future; in order to deal with the shortages of present highway-transportation policies, not only the sectors of road-transport regulation should change their concepts, but also the different-level governments and administrative sectors of transportation regulation change their concepts, they should plan transportation infrastructure construction and the development of transportation industry as a whole, scientifically build a comprehensive system of transportation industry and develop the road transport industry scientifically.更多还原