【作者】 王河；

【导师】 吴庆洲；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 岭南建筑是岭南文化的组成部分，岭南文化的精髓就在于它最少保守，最富有进取精神。岭南建筑学派研究是岭南现代建筑的十分重要的课题，研究岭南建筑文化和岭南建筑学派的发展历程及特点，可以为当代岭南建筑和中国建筑的发展和创新提供有益的借鉴，有助于我们对岭南建筑及中国建筑的发展进行理性的思考。第一章主要阐释了岭南建筑的发展概况和岭南建筑学派的研究背景、研究意义和方法。第二章主要研究了清朝初期西方文化开始对岭南建筑进行影响，并指出广州十三行商馆建筑是西方建筑文化与中国传统建筑文化首先交汇之处，岭南建筑学派开放、吸收的特性开始最初的显现。和研究了岭南城市和乡村的近代化进程，指出西方建筑文化不仅影响了岭南城市的近代化进程，同时也渗透进了岭南乡村建筑景观里面。第三章主要研究了岭南近代建筑的转型和演变，指出西洋式建筑的强势进入，中国传统建筑文化的固守，以及时代进程中经济发展、科技进步和思想革新的过程中，中西两种建筑文化的碰撞、冲突、交流及融合，促使了岭南近代建筑的转型和演变。第四章主要研究了岭南建筑学派的出现和确立。1920年代现代主义建筑在岭南的出现和现代建筑思想在岭南的传播则是岭南建筑学派的萌芽，林克明等建筑师对于现代建筑思想的早期传播和现代建筑的早期实践则可认为是岭南建筑学派的奠基，聚集了一批第一代岭南建筑师的勷勤大学成为了岭南建筑学派的发祥地和成长的摇篮。解放后岭南建筑师较好地继承了勷勤大学时期的现代主义建筑思想，在囿于政治环境的情况下，仍然在自己的创作道路上进行了有益的探索，夏昌世提出岭南建筑应强调通风、遮阳、隔热的岭南建筑创作观，开启了现代岭南派建筑探索的道路，夏昌世的建筑创作观、建筑理论观和建筑教育观，成为当代岭南建筑学派丰富的思想源泉。夏昌世可被视为岭南建筑学派的先驱。至上世纪80年代末期，经过以佘畯南、莫伯治为首的岭南建筑师的创作实践和理论探索，岭南派建筑成为全国建筑创作的典范。特别是以莫伯治为主的酒家园林的创作，可以被视为岭南派建筑的开创之风。到白天鹅宾馆的创作成功，一大批岭南派建筑岭成为中国建筑创作时代新风，南建筑创作从思想、实践、风格、理论和人才培养等各方面都取得了新的发展突破，岭南建筑也从一个流派发展到了一个学派的新水平。建筑学界已经开始认同岭南建筑学派的形成和成就。第五章主要研究了岭南建筑学派的新发展。上世纪90年代后，岭南建筑学派不断发展和成熟,特别是最近十年,岭南建筑学派成果丰富,其创作理论亦从侧重于风格和形式发展到一个思想体系,岭南建筑学派已经用一个思想体系去指导自己的创作,作品遍布全国,华南理工大学建筑设计研究院逐渐成为了岭南建筑学派创作的主阵地。第六章主要通过笔者二十多年来对岭南建筑学派的理论学习、探索和建筑创作实践的7个代表性案例,其中从珠岛宾馆到松园宾馆的设计在中国自己传统的格局中追求中国岭南的现代建筑新的形式,其目的是探索一条既有时代性又有民族和地方性的创作道路;而帽峰沁苑就强调岭南建筑空间的“厅”“亭”结合的禅宗之美;海南热带三亚南田温泉度假中心酒店的设计,则讲求运用岭南建筑活态空间的创作思想在异地的运用,表明岭南活态空间手法的创作是一种思想的表达,而不局限于狭窄的地域主义;亚运建设与城市战略则以时代的高度,把握机遇,通过大型的国际赛事的契机,挖掘岭南传统工艺美术与建筑空间的三庭叠翠的活态空间的美感,以及岭南传统吃市街道的平民市井生活氛围,展示岭南民俗民情的一面。这些项目的获奖说明已经获得政府和专家一定程度的肯定,亦是笔者继续探索岭南建筑学派理论与实践的动力。通过对岭南地域建筑历史及地理、人文环境的溯源,以及对岭南派建筑产生的条件和背景的梳理,阐释了岭南建筑学派产生的历史条件及在21世纪的新发展,2010上海世博会中国馆和广州亚运场馆的建设,昭示岭南建筑学派已经走向成熟和取得了新的发展高度,并完成了从无派有派无派的超越,其创作理论和思想体系今后应继续充实、提高和成熟、完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lingnan culture includes Lingnan architectural culture, which has been considered respecting for tradition and keeping a spirit of enterprise in its development meanwhile. This research focuses on the history of Lingnan architecture school. By exploring our knowledge about the development of Lingnan architecture school, one the one hand, architects nowadays can obtain more typical references for the modern creation of Lingnan architecture, and of Chinese architecture also. On the other hand, it can help us make a rational thinking about the future development of Lingnan architecture.ChapterⅠintroduces the background of this research including the development of Lingnan architecture and the formation of Lingnan architecture school, the waiting problems and the methodology concerning.ChapterⅡfocuses on the initial influence of western culture to Lingnan architectural culture at the period of early Qing Dynasty. The typical constructions occurred in the Thirteen Hongs of Canton at that time, can be seems as an intersection of western architectural culture and Chinese traditional architectural culture. Lingnan architecture school began to form and show the characteristic of absorption. and process of modernization happened in Lingnan urban and rural areas. Factors from western architectural culture appeared not only in the urban form of Canton city, but also in the architecture and landscape design in Lingnan rural areas.Chapter III concerns the transformation and evolution of Lingnan architecture in modern times. In this period, western modern architectural culture, which had just finished its own baptism, brought a new and much more strong impact to the Chinese traditional architectural culture. Not only by absorbing western advanced technologies and concepts, but also on considering its own economic development and social reality at different periods of modern times, Lingnan architecture finished its modern promotion and formed its own modern styles and characteristics.Chapter IV concerns the process of formation of Lingnan architecture school. General speaking, it experiences three major periods of development. From 1920 to the liberation of China, modern architectural forms and concepts appeared in Lingnan area. Professor LIN Ke Ming is one of the important founders of Lingnan architecture school. He and his colleagues had done a lot of practices about modern Lingnan architecture’s education and creations in Xiangqin university, which has been considered as the birthplace of Lingnan architecture school. After the liberation of China, under the strict political atmosphere at that period, an other professor XIA Chang Shi still kept on exploring the modern Lingnan architecture. By his research, lots of experiences about modern Lingnan architecture became theories. These theories, with his viewpoints of architectural design and architectural education, enrich the contents of Lingnan architecture school. In the late 1980s, two famous architects YU Jun Nan and Mo Bo Zhi gained their reputation in Lingnan architecture school. Because of their efforts in architectural creative practice and theoretical exploration, Lingnan architecture school is well known through the nation and became a successful example about how to inherit local traditional architecture. In particular, MO Bo Zhi’s application of Chinese garden in hotel’s design can be regarded as a new kind of design style promoted by Lingnan architecture school. After the successful creation in the design of White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou, a large number of buildings that have the characteristics of Lingnan architecture school appeared in Lingnan area. The practices in this period made Lingnan architecture school a breakthrough, from theoretical summary to human training. Depend on these achievements, the formation of Lingnan architecture school received academic recognition.ChapterⅤconcerns the new developments of Lingnan architecture school nowadays. After 1990, Lingnan architecture school grows more and more steady. Especially in the past ten years, the development of Lingnan architecture school evolves from the exploitation of special styles to form a whole theoretical system. Nowadays, more and more successful buildings inherited from Lingnan architecture school emerge all over the country. The Institute of Architectural Design of South China University of Technology leads continuous efforts to develop Lingnan architecture school.Chapter VI concerns the author’s own experience in the practice of Lingnan architecture over twenty years. From the design of Zhudao Hotel to the design of Songyuan Hotel,the author keeps on searching new ways of design which can combine the new modern architectural forms with Chinese traditional architectural patterns and the characteristics of Lingnan architecture. Some personal experiences had gained at last, in the design of Maofeng Qinyuan Hotel, the author used the "Hall" and "Pavilion", which can be combined flexiblely in Lingnan architecture, to bring out a wonderful feeling of Zen. In the design of Sanya Nantian Hotsprint Hotel, the author revived the dynamic space in traditional Lingnan architecture and applied it in that project outside of Canton. This successful attempt shows that Lingnan’s traditional architectural pattern can break through the limitation of region and can be transformed to suit the new environment. In a design project concerning the Asian Games, one the one hand, the author used the factors of Lingnan crafts and Lingnan gardening to make the athletes feel relax in their living space. On the other hand, he represented an traditional food street in the site planning to reflect the vivid living atmosphere of Canton to the foreigners. These award-winning projects show the support attitude of our government and the recognition of the experts.Chapter VII is the conclusion of this research. Through the process of formation of Lingnan architecture school, people can find out why it can have a persistent vitality from being superseded nearly to be an architecture school. By this research, people can know more clearly the thinking pattern and the practical ways of Lingnan architecture school. Within the wave of globalization nowadays, regional cultures ought to learn to respect and study from each other. That’s the spirit of Lingnan architectural culture.更多还原