【作者】 王冠；

【导师】 李庆民；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 高电压与绝缘技术， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 我国能源资源和负荷需求的逆向分布格局,决定了我国未来必须在1000km-3000km距离的输电技术上寻求新的突破。此外,国际间的电能传输计划也越来越多,传输距离可能达到甚至超过3000km。因此,超远距离输电是世界范围内能源传输规划的发展趋势,而半波长交流输电技术以其显著的经济与技术优势,在超远距离点对点输电模式中具有竞争力和应用前景。针对半波长交流输电的关键技术开展创新研究,具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。在半波长输电技术当前研究进展的基础上,本文重点针对电压与功率传输特性、含半波长输电线路的系统稳定分析、工频过电压和故障激发过电压、潜供电弧及其抑制技术等关键问题进行了探索研究,以期为半波长输电的未来发展奠定理论与技术基础。半波长输电线路的电压与功率传输特性不同于常规短线路。通过引入系统的等值阻抗和功率因数等参量,推导出线路最高电压值及其出现位置的计算公式。进一步参照无损长线的传输功率方程,分析了自然半波长线路和调谐线路的功率传输特性,指出电容型调谐线路具有较强的功率传输能力。半波长输电系统的暂态稳定特性受线路长度、调谐网络类型、故障类型及故障持续时间等多种因素的影响。通过建立含半波长输电线路的双机系统仿真模型,结合不同的调谐网络、线路长度、故障类型等因素,研究了自然半波长和调谐半波长输电系统的暂态稳定特性,基于对故障持续时间、摇摆曲线振荡幅值与持续时间、电压振荡范围等参数的量化比较,揭示了半波长输电系统暂态稳定的影响机制。通过建立特高压半波长输电线路的暂态仿真模型,研究了自然半波长线路与调谐线路的沿线工频过电压与故障激发过电压分布特征。以单相接地故障为例,分析了典型故障条件下故障相与健全相沿线的故障激发过电压及其变化规律,揭示出传输功率和调谐网络类型等因素对过电压水平的影响机制。进一步提出针对特高压半波长输电线路的沿线分布式避雷器分组优化配置方案,可将故障激发过电压限制在1.60p.u.以下建立了半波长输电线路潜供电流与弧道恢复电压的计算模型,可获得不同故障位置的潜供电流分布特征,并研究了传输功率、调谐网络、线路长度等对潜供电流及弧道恢复电压的影响。提出了基于快速接地开关沿线非均匀优化配置的潜供电弧抑制方案,可有效抑制半波长线路潜供电弧的燃弧时间；结合基于黑盒电弧模型的仿真分析,给出了特高压半波长输电线路的单相自动重合闸配合时序。本文研究工作可为特高压半波长输电技术的发展及其工程应用,提供有参考价值的理论与设计依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the inverse distribution of energy storage and load demand in China, the fundamental theoretical breakthrough in 1000 km-3000 km power transmission technology is desired. The distance of international power transmission in plan also may reach or even exceed 3000 km. As a special kind of long-distance transmission, half-wavelength alternating current transmission (HWACT) has nowadays drawn more attention in ultra-distance point-to-point transmission mode, thanks to its unique advantages in both economical and technological aspects. Therefore, the explorative research on some key issues of the UHV HWACT has broad academic significance and important practical value.Based on the current research status of HWACT, this dissertation did explorative research on some key issues of the UHV HWACT in order to establish the theoretical foundation for the future development of HWACT. In thins dissertation, a detailed analysis with regards to the key technical issues of the UHV HWACT is given, including voltage and power transmission characteristics, system stability analysis of half-wavelength lines, power frequency and the fault-caused overvoltages, the secondary arc and its suppression, etc.The voltage and power transmission characteristics of the half-wavelength lines are different from those of normal short lines. By introducing the equivalent impedance of the system and power factor, this dissertation deduced the formula of voltage maximum and its position. According to the transmission power equation of the lossless long lines, the power transmission characteristics of the natural and tuning half-wavelength lines are analyzed, indicating that capacitive based tuning network rendering better power transmission ability.The angle stability of half-wavelength line was influenced by line length, tuning network type, fault type, fault duration and etc. By establishing the UHV duplex machine system simulation model, angle stabilities of natural and tuning half-wavelength lines were analyzed with different influencing factors such as man-made tuning network, line length and fault types. Based on the quantitative comparison of parameters such as fault duration, generator-swing trajectories amplitude and duration, voltage vibration range, the influence mechanism of angle stability of half-wavelength line was revealed.A simulation model for analyzing transient process of the half-wavelength transmission line was built with a view to calculate the power frequency overvoltages and the fault-caused overvoltages along the natural and tuning half-wavelength lines. Taking the single phase earth fault as an example, the fault-caused overvoltage along the lines of faulty phase and healthy phase was analyzed. The impacts of transmission capacity and man-made tuning network on the overvoltages were also investigated. An optimized scheme of the metal oxide arresters (MOAs) arrangement was proposed in order to limit the value of the fault-caused overvoltages to 1.60 p.u.Based on a simplified coupling model, formulations to describe the secondary arc current and the recovery voltage were deduced to calculate the distribution characteristics of the secondary arc current in different fault location. The impacts of transmission power, man-made tuning network, line length on the secondary arc current and recovery voltage were investigated. An optimized scheme of high speed grounding switch (HSGS) arrangement was proposed as to shorten the arc time of secondary arc. Based on black-box model of arc, an optimal time sequence for single phase auto-reclosing scheme (SPAR) specifically with UHV HWACT line was put forward.The research achievements in the dissertation have further developed the fundamental theory and key technologies encountered in HWACT, which provided important reference value for the development and engineering application of UHV HWACT.更多还原