【作者】 简婕；

【导师】 解月光；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着信息技术在教学中的广泛应用,21世纪的学习者已经悄悄地被信息技术环境包围。为探求在信息技术环境下如何改善学习者的学习结果,本研究提出了以学习环境数字化为手段,以促进学习者高阶思维发展为目标的数字化学习环境构建方法,选取了一所小学的五年级学生,结合写作教学的内容,使用行动研究、准实验研究以及调查研究等方法对学习环境数字化促进学习者高阶思维发展进行了深入的分析。首先,本研究通过文献分析了学习环境研究的历史,阐述了学习环境研究的重点从人转移到环境,又回归到人的发展路线。在以高阶思维能力为核心的21世纪能力需求下,本研究确立了学习环境的数字化要以促进学习者高阶思维能力发展为宗旨。接下来,本研究对教育中的技术定位展开思辨,从智化技术与物化技术的角度提出了学习环境的“灵魂-实体”之说。在分析了现有的学习环境要素观之后,发现这些观点在“灵魂-实体说”框架下各有侧重,为此,本研究尝试从教学论视角出发看待学习环境的构成要素,并进一步论述了基于该观点进行学习环境的数字化的目标和手段。然后,本研究结合小学写作教学,从理论和数据两方面论证了写作中的高阶思维能力可以体现为写作思维品质,具体包括思维的批判性、灵活性、独创性和深刻性四方面。实证数据来自使用罗斯高层次认知过程测试测量的学生高阶思维能力水平,以及使用自编的写作思维品质评价量规测量的学生写作水平。数据分析结果显示二者呈显著正相关。在此基础上,本研究以行动法展开了面向写作思维品质培养的数字化学习环境构建,具体包括基于四个专题的十次教学的设计与实施。最后,本研究探讨了在面向写作思维品质培养的数字化学习环境下,学生学习结果的改善情况,主要包括写作动机、语文学习自我效能感以及电脑态度三方面。利用相关测量工具对同一组学习者的学习结果进行前测与后测,数据分析显示学习结果前、后测差异显著,后测数据呈现学习结果得到改善。此外,本研究还整合教学论视角的学习环境构成以及课堂环境测量工具的研究成果,提出了基于小学写作教学的数字化学习环境分析框架。通过此框架获取的数据显示出学生对数字化学习环境的感知良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 With ICT widely applied in education, learners in the 21st century have been surrounded by e-learning environments. To find how we can enhance learning outcomes under the e-learning environments, we propose a construction model for e-learning environments which aims at developing learners’higher-order thinking. The theory of learning environments digitalization is the foundation of this model. Our research is based on writing instruction for primary students of Grade 5. We use action research , quasi-experimental research and survey research to analyze the effects of learning environments digitalization on enhancing learning outcomes.Firstly , through literature review , we reveal the development route of learning environments research has transferred from men to the environments and now returned to men. In the 21st century, higher-order thinking is regarded as the core of men’s ability. So, learning environments digitalization should aim at developing learners’higher-order thinkings.Secondly, based on the analysis of technical positioning in education, we try to propose a saying of "soul-entity" of learning environments from the aspect of intellectual technology and media technology. Under the theory framework of this saying, we find that the existing researches of learning environments’ingredients emphasis on different aspects. Therefore, we attempt to consider the learning environments’ingredients from the aspect of instruction theory and further discuss the goal and means of learning environments digitalization.Then, through writing instruction for primary students, we demonstrate from both theory and data that higher-order thinking in writing reflects thinking qualities, including critical thinking, flexibility, originality and insight. Empirical data contains students’higher-order thinking levels which is measured by the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes, and students’writing ability which is measured by assessment scale for measuring thinking qualities in writing. Data analysis shows significant correlation between these two variables. Based on this, we apply action research to construct e-learning environments aiming at enhancing thinking qualities in writing. Our action includes design and implementation of ten classes around four special subjects.Finally, the study explores the improvements of students’learning outcomes under the e-learning environments aiming at enhancing thinking qualities in writing, including writing motivation, Chinese learning self-efficacy and computer attitudes. We use instruments to measure learners’learning outcomes on the same group before and after our teaching intervention. Data analysis shows significant differences between pretest and posttest, and data form posttest is better. In addition, we integrate the view of learning environments’ingredients from aspect of instruction theory with present tools for measuring classroom environments to propose an analytical framework to evaluate writing instruction for primary students in the e-learning environments. Data obtained through this framework shows students’ perception of the e-learning environments is good.更多还原