【作者】 高兴野；

【导师】 孙启明；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 区域经济学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 小企业是大中型企业的萌芽和发展历程中的必经阶段,小企业生成和初发展阶段所积累的知识和学习、管理能力对企业今后的发展起着至关重要的作用。研究小企业的内生机理,不仅能够使我们在理论上更加系统完整地认识企业发展历程和企业的本质,具有重要的理论价值,而且使我们能够透过企业的发展,抓住区域及宏观经济运行的一般规律,为制定各项经济政策和法规提供有力的支持,具有重要的现实意义。本文通过对“动力-能力”二元机制的细致分析,指出小企业内生过程是动力机制和能力机制综合作用的结果。“动力-能力”是小企业生成的核心因素,也是伴随小企业发展的主导因素。两者的互补和缺失,都将直接影响小企业生成的成败。外部环境因素依据其对小企业作用的强度和性质,可以对小企业生成产生正、反两方面的作用,但这些作用的产生也要通过“动力-能力”二元机制来实现。小企业在萌芽阶段就与外部环境建立了多种形式的联系,这些联系的性质和强度决定了小企业生成后的生存状态。某些良性联系为小企业今后走向集群化发展道路打下了基础。本文提出了“小企业生成边界”的概念,是“企业边界”概念的延伸应用,这一概念的应用,为界定小企业生成,统计小企业生成成功率提供了可靠的理论工具。本文立足于将小企业作为经济生态系统中的生命体来进行研究,小企业同样遵循自然生命体的生命周期规律,而小企业生命周期又在很大程度上受区域经济发展周期的影响。小企业的生成阶段是小企业生命周期的重要组成部分,小企业生成阶段形成的诸多特质将构成小企业的特色并伴随小企业发展的全过程。小企业的初发展阶段是小企业寻求生存模式、实现稳定发展的关键时期。在这一阶段,“动力-能力”二元机制仍然发挥核心作用。“动力”在校企业发展过程中突出表现在生存安全压力、市场利益引力和科技进步推力三个方面。“能力”则突出表现在资源整合能力和团队学习能力两个方面。生成后的小企业如同新生婴儿一样不断汲取外界养分,积累生存经验并不断发展壮大。由于小企业个体规模较小,抗衡外界环境变化的能力很差。为了保证自身生存和持续发展,小企业自觉或不自觉地,将彼此间的经营联系起来,并在地理空间上汇集到一起,出现了小企业集聚现象,并通过个体间的不断磨合适应,形成了基于经营合作的产业集群,使各经济区域的经济发展呈现出不同的特色。小企业在发展中开始呈现出逐渐衰退的迹象,作为类生命体,小企业也有一个从出生到死亡的过程。本文提出来衰变因子的概念,试图利用分子生物学的研究方法,在小企业内部找出核心因素。通过研究发现,小企业的衰退仍然是“动力——能力”机制作用的结果,即动力逐渐消失,能力逐渐退化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Small businesses are the seeds and medium-sized enterprises in the development process necessary stage, small business formation and early development stages of the accumulated knowledge and learning, management capacity of enterprises in the future development plays a vital role. Study the endogenous mechanisms of small businesses, not only in theory, allow us a more complete understanding of business systems development process and the nature of business, has important theoretical value, but also through the development of enterprises that we can seize the regional and macroeconomic general rules of operation for the development of various economic policies and regulations to provide strong support, has important practical significance.Based on the "power - the ability" dual mechanism of detailed analysis, that the process of small business is the driving force of endogenous mechanisms and capacity mechanisms combined result. "Power - the ability" is the core element of small business to generate, but also with the dominant factor in the development of small businesses. Lack of complementary and both are generated will directly affect the success of small businesses. External environmental factors according to their effect on the strength of small business and nature can produce small businesses to generate both positive and negative aspects of the role, but these effects have to go through the "power - the ability" dual mechanisms.Small businesses in the bud stage and the external environment, the establishment of various forms of contact, the nature and intensity of these contacts determine the survival of small businesses generated state. Some positive contact for small businesses to cluster future development path laid the foundation.In this paper, "small business generates border" concept, is "corporate boundaries" extension of the concept application, the application of the concept, to define small business to generate, to generate statistical success rate of small businesses to provide a reliable theoretical tool.This article is based on the small businesses as economic and ecological system to study the life of the body, small businesses follow the same natural laws of life, the life cycle of the body, and small business life cycle in large part by the regional economic development cycle. The generation of small business small business life cycle stage is an important part, small businesses generate phase will constitute the formation of a number of qualities and characteristics of small businesses with small business development as a whole.The early stage of development of small enterprises are small enterprises seeking survival mode, stable critical period of development. At this stage, "Power - ability to" dual mechanism still play a central role."Power" in the school development process highlighted business to survive security pressures in the market interests of the gravity and thrust of scientific and technological progress in three areas. "Capacity" is highlighted in the resources and ability to integrate two aspects of team learning. Generated after the newborn baby as small businesses continue to learn from the outside world as nutrients, the accumulation of life experience and growing.As the smaller individual small businesses, the ability to contend with changes in the external environment is poor. In order to ensure their survival and sustainable development, small business, consciously or unconsciously, the link between business and geographical space to bring together, the emergence of agglomeration of small businesses, and between individuals continue to run through the adaptation, the formation of based on co-operation of industrial clusters, so that economic development in all economic regions show different characteristics.Small business in development is beginning to show signs of a gradual decline, as the class of beings, small businesses also have a process from birth to death. In this paper, the decay factor to the concept of trying to use molecular biology research methods, in a small enterprise to identify the core factors. Through the study found that small business recession is still "power - the ability" mechanism the result, that the gradual disappearance of power, capacity gradually degraded.更多还原