【作者】 李雨停；

【导师】 丁四保；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 区域经济学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 区域关系是区域经济学研究的核心内容与方向之一。互动、协调、可持续的区域关系将有利于节约区域系统的运行成本,并提高其运行效率。但是,中国的区域关系发展明显存在着不协调,东中西三大经济地带、区域城乡之间的经济社会发展差距不断扩大,同时,由区域经济开发带来的生态环境问题也变得愈来愈不可逆转。区域关系陷入“开发竞争—差距扩大—区域关系恶化—人地关系矛盾加剧”的发展困境。解决区域之间经济、社会、生态的非协调发展关系格局成为中国当前与今后相当长一段时期内面临的重大问题之一。从“功能区”角度出发推进实施的主体功能区划是国家促进区域功能分工、协调区域关系、实现区域协调可持续发展的重大战略创新。但是,区域的主体是地方政府,实现区域发展的唯一出路是工业化,国家通过主体功能区划划定优化开发区、重点开发区、限制开发区和禁止开发区,显然对于一些地区来说其发展将会受到极大的限制与约束。最终会使区域系统陷入区域地方政府与地方政府之间,地方政府与中央政府之间在工业化发展上的博弈。基于主体功能区划的生态补偿机制建立,显然将有利于国家主体功能区发展格局的形成。建立基于中央财政的财力性转移支付政策、大力推进生态工程建设,推进建立区域之间的“土地空间置换”、“生态交易”等是完善主体功能生态补偿机制的重要政策方向。但是,对于一些区域(这些地区经济发展落后、生态环境脆弱、生态功能重要)来说,天赋的地理环境条件决定了基于“正向”的生态补偿并不能解决区域发展问题,并且,对于这些落后地区,“十补九不足”。本论文认为,在市场力量作用下,通过转移相关区域的农村人口,并促进其城市化,是协调区域关系,完善主体功能区区域生态补偿的重要机制与方向。通过落后地区农村人口的城市化转移,一方面缓解了落后地区的生态环境压力,一方面实现了个人的发展,同时也推进了其他区域(也就是所谓的优化开发区域和重点开发区域)的城市化/工业化发展,本论文称其为能够协调区域关系的“逆向”生态补偿机制。以此为出发点,本论文提出“区域生态补偿的农村人口城市化机制”,并对其蕴含的理论问题与内在机制分四个部分七个章节进行了深入分析与探讨:第一部分即第一章,是论文的绪论,本部分从国家土地功能区划协调区域关系存在理论困境,到区域生态补偿机制建立,再到区域生态补偿的农村人口城市化理论机制,重点阐述了本论文研究问题的提出,并进一步阐述了本论文的研究方法、研究目的与意义、研究的思路与框架。第二部分即第二章,梳理探讨了基于区域生态补偿的农村人口城市化协调区域发展基本理论问题。从经济学和地理学解释了基于市场机制下农村人口城市化协调区域发展的两个基本理论依据。分析了市场失灵下中国的区域关系发展问题,提出实施区域生态补偿是解决基于主体功能区划区域关系协调发展的根本出路,并深入分析了区域生态补偿的理论认识过程。进一步提出市场力量作用下,人口迁移尤其是农村人口的城市化迁移对协调区域关系理论意义重大,并认为建立基于区域生态补偿的农村人口城市化机制是协调区域发展的根本方向。第三部分包含第三、四、五、六章,是论文的实证部分,从中国区域关系发展实际出发,论证了农村人口城市化是完善区域生态补偿、协调区域关系发展的重要机制。第三章重点认识了经济发展落后地区是中国区域生态补偿的重要区域。在中国区域经济社会发展不均衡格局下,提出落后地区农村地域是中国最重要的经济落后地区,并从“区域”视角分析了落后地区区域性农村贫困形成的内在机制。梳理认识了中国扶贫开发克服农村贫困的努力,提出扶贫开发并不能从根本上克服农村陷入贫困的“人地关系矛盾”和“温饱局限”。第四章重点阐述了落后地区农村人口城市化对协调区域发展和改善落后地区生态环境的“区域补偿”关系与效应。历史地阐述了农业移民与落后地区发展的关系进程,提出从实现居民基本公共服务角度出发,中国从农业地区到农业地区的农业移民已经终结。进一步从“城市农民工”视角出发,探讨了落后地区农村人口城市化对促进区域协调发展及改善落后地区生态环境的积极效应。第五章探讨研究了落后地区农村人口城市化面临的障碍与问题。从农村人口的人力资本现状,农村人口城市化迁移面临的农村土地问题,城市提供公共产品与公共服务能力、城市资源、土地空间等方面,以及民族地区人口城市化迁移面临的问题等阐述了制约农村人口城市化迁移的一些重要因素。第六章从完善主体功能区协调区域发展角度出发,提出了建立促进落后地区农村人口城市化转移的一些政策机制。提出教育移民是一个最根本的战略。从优化农村土地利用结构和质量提高角度提出建立促进落后地区农村人口城市化转移的农村发展空间。并认为在国家优化、重点开发区域发展劳动密集型产业、同时扩大重点开发区范围以承接农村人口城市化转移是一个重要的制度安排。从城市管理角度提出了其他的一些政策建议。第四部分即第七章,是本论文的结论。提出了本文的一些结论性认识,并就论文研究的不足和进一步研究的问题进行了阐述与说明。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional relationship is one of the cores and directions of regional economic research. Interaction, coordinated and sustainable regional relations will be conducive to the operation of regional system to save costs and improve its operating efficiency.However, the regional relation is obviously lack of coordination in China, the gap of regional economic and social development is widening in urban-rural and the three major economic zones, and then, the regional environmental problems are becoming more and more irreversible along with the economic development. Regional relations drop into a "development competition - Gap - regional relations deteriorated - increasing conflicts between people and land" development dilemma. Resolving the non-coordinated development relationships between regions becomes one of the major problems faced current and future for a long period of time in China.It is the major strategic innovation to promote implementing the main function zoning from the "functional area" in promotion of regional division of labor, coordination of regional relations, realization sustainable development. However, the local government is the main body of the region, and industrialization is the only way to achieve regional development. The state who designated by the main optimization of functional zoning zone, key development, restricted development zones and the prohibition zone, will extremely constrain their development in some areas. Regional system will ultimately fall into the industrialized development game in local government and local government, local government and the central government.It is benefitting national development pattern formation to establish the ecological compensation mechanism based on the main function zoning. And it is important policy direction to establish the ecological compensation mechanism in the central government’s financial transfer payment policy, vigorously promoting the ecological construction, supporting the establishment of regional between the "replacement of land in different places" and "eco-trading". However, for some regions (those regions lagging behind economic development, ecological environment is fragile, important ecological functions), the gifted based on geographic and environmental conditions determine the "positive" ecological compensation does not solve the problem of regional development, and, for these backward areas, Compensation can’t solve the fundamental development problem. The paper believes that the transfer of the rural population of the relevant region and promoting its urbanization through the role of market forces, is important regional ecological compensation mechanism and direction in coordination of regional relations and improving the main functional areas. By urbanization of the rural population transfer from backward areas, it is on one hand to ease the pressure of ecological environment in backward areas, on the other hand to achieve the personal development, and then, promote the other regions (that is, the optimization of the so-called development areas and key development areas) of the urbanization / industrial development .In this paper, it is known as "reverse" ecological compensation mechanism.As a starting point, this paper proposes "regional ecological compensation mechanism of rural urbanization", and in-depth analyses and discusses its theoretical problems and the internal mechanism from seven chapters in four parts.The first part of the chapter I, is the paper’s introduction. This part focuses on putting forward the problem from the theoretical difficulties of the major functional zoning for the national coordination of regional relations, the establishment of regional ecological compensation mechanism, the regional ecological compensation mechanism of rural urbanization. And then, it elaborates research methods, purpose and meaning, ideas and frameworks in this thesis.The second part is chapter II. In this part, the paper discusses the basic theory issue of rural urbanization coordinating regional development based on regional ecological compensation. The paper discusses the two basic theoretical bases in economics and geography to explain rural urbanization coordination regional development from the market-based mechanism. The paper analyses China’s regional development issues under the market failure, and proposes that the implementation of regional ecological compensation is the fundamental way to coordinate regional development. And then, the paper puts forward that the rural population urbanization is of great theoretical significance to coordinate regional development under the role of market forces, and it is the fundamental direction to establish the mechanism of the rural population urbanization based on regional ecological compensation.The third part includes chapter III, IV, V, VI. It is the empirical part of the thesis. From the reality of China’s regional relations, the paper demonstrates the rural population urbanization is the important mechanism to improve the regional ecological compensation and coordinate the development of relations. The third chapter focuses on the regional rural poverty. In this part, the paper proposes that the rural area is the most important economic backward areas under the uneven pattern of regional economic and social development in China, and then, it analyzes the inherent mechanism of the rural regional poverty from the view of "regional". From sorting and understanding some ways of Chinese rural poverty exploitation to overcome poverty, the paper proposes that the poverty exploitation can’t solve rural poverty because of a great many limites.ChapterⅣfocuses on the "ecological compensation" effect of the rural population urbanization. In this part, the paper expounds the history development process of China’s agricultural migration, analyzes the ecological migrants of China’s current implementation. And the paper puts forward that the Chinese agricultural immigrants is over from the views of equalization of China’s residents basic public services. And further, the paper discusses the positive effects of rural population urbanization for promoting regional coordination development and improving ecological environment of backward areas from the perspective of "rural migrant workers in city".ChapterⅤdiscusses the obstacle and problem of the rural population urbanization transfer. The main contents include, Situation of human capital from the rural population, rural land issues, some respects of the city providing public goods and public services、city resources、limited land space, national population urbanization migration problems and a number of other important factors.In chapterⅥ, the paper puts forward the policy system for establishing to promote the rural population urbanization transfer in views of the main functional areas to coordinate regional development.?The paper believes that education migration is a fundamental strategy. It is an important strategy? to? establish the rural development space from rural land use structure optimization and quality improvement to promote transfer of rural urbanization.?And the paper proposes that it is an important institutional arrangement to optimize their focus on the development of regional development of labor-intensive industries and expanding the scope of key development areas to undertake the rural transfer population. Then, the paper gives a number of other policy recommendations from the city management.The forth part is ChapterⅦ. It is the conclusion of the paper. In this part, the paper presents some awareness conclusions, describes and explains the lack of research on the thesis and further research.更多还原