【作者】 李晓敏；

【导师】 张奎良；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在20世纪50—60年代东欧各国的社会主义改革进程中,涌现出了一批从马克思的人本主义思想传统出发,对斯大林主义和教条主义持激烈反对态度并以在总体上重建人道主义的马克思主义和人道的、民主的社会主义为己任的理论家,史称“东欧新马克思主义者”,科拉科夫斯基就是其中当之无愧的一员,而且是领军人物。但是到了其理论生涯的后期,科拉科夫斯基的思想却发生了巨大转变:面对西方社会和文化的历史性难题,科拉科夫斯基立足于宗教,设计了一条与众不同的脱困之路,即通过向以无条件的信赖为核心的,以个体道德上的忠实态度为突出表征的传统基督教信仰的复归来挽救现代化进程中,超越性诉求被取消、精神家园坍塌的危机。为了证明自己的理论,科拉科夫斯基将基督教的产生、发展、衰落、复兴、历史意义及当下使命均嵌入到西方文化的大背景和现代性的视域中进行考察。一方面,这一独特理论构建对现代性理论和宗教哲学本身来说,的确是一次创新与发展,但另一方面,由于东欧新马克思主义的背景,科拉科夫斯基的宗教理论,在很大程度上可以视为是科拉科夫斯基对马克思主义由误解到失望最后直至宣布放弃后所找到的代替品,因此这一理论除了具有其他宗教哲学所共有的缺陷外,还在整体上呈现出一种矛盾性特征——马克思主义的辩证方法、东欧新马克思主义人本学的批判视角与宗教主义立场的冲突。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the socialist reform in East Europe from 1950s to 1960s, a series of theorists, showcasing Marxist tradition of Humanistic theory, radically opposed to Stalinism and dogmatism, emerged and took on themselves as their duty to reconstruct humanist Marxism and humanist, democratic Socialism. They were historically called East European Neo-Marxists, among which, Leszek Kolakowski is undoubtedly at a position of a leader. But by the latter half of his theoretical life, huge changes occurred to his thoughts. Faced with historical bottlenecks of western society and culture, he designed a very different way out based on religion, i.e. to achieve salvation of the crisis along with the disappear of transcendence appeal and the fall of spirit during the process of modernization through a regression to traditional Christian religious beliefs featured by unconditional trust and loyalty in individual morality. To prove his theory, Leszek Kolakowski placed the emergence, growth, decline, rejuvenation, historical mission and current mission of Christianity into the grand background of western culture and modern vision. On the one hand, this unique theory structure, for modern theory and religious philosophy themselves, was indeed an innovation and development; on the other hand, considering the background of East European Marxism, Leszek Kolakowski’s religious theory can be seen as his finding of a replacement after his misreading of Marxism, then disappointment, to final abandonment. Therefore, this theory, besides its shared shortages with other religious philosophy, exhibis a contradictory feature on the whole, which is, the conflict between the critical perspective of Marxist dialectics plus East European Neo-Marxist humanism and the religious standpoint.更多还原