【作者】 齐恩平；

【导师】 杨震；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 民商法学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 我国《物权法》采用“业主的建筑物区分所有权”的概念欠缺适当性,易导致民法权利理论与社会民事权利主体生活的裂痕。“业主权”概念体现了人们自觉皈依的特征和实质上的认同,是我国立法“规范用语”的自然传承,承载了对民族习惯、社会通念的尊重,能合理、准确地彰显业主权利,利于培养业主自治所必需的公共品性和业主自治理念的形成,张扬了法的价值。“业主权”以业主物权、业主物权衍生权益为其基本理论体系建构,是集业主专有部分之专有权、共有部分之共有权、因共同利益所生成员权及因立体相邻关系所生立体相邻权所构成的复合性权利,是一个体系完备、形式理性的业主权利体系。业主专有权是业主权的主导性权利,居于核心地位,专有权人对专有部分享有占有、使用、收益、处分等所有权权能。共有使用权、共有修缮改良权、共有重建权、共有收益权、共有处分权等内容构成业主共有权,住宅区共有权的制度设计弥补了“业主的建筑物区分所有权”的体系化缺陷。业主成员权植根于业主共同利益关系,以业主成员团体为身份载体,以业主大会、业主委员会为其成员团体的基本治理结构,以业主公约为其团体宪章,业主团体成员有“参与管理权”和“受益权”,业主团体通过课加侵害业主团体共同利益的业主以成员责任,实行自治管理。业主立体相邻关系与共有关系相互交织、竟合以及“邻人进入权”构成了业主立体相邻关系不同于传统相邻关系的最具代表性的特征;将业主立体相邻权内容予以人格保护相邻权、环境保护相邻权、物上请求相邻权之类型化,以增强立体相邻关系的适用的张力。基于业主权利构成的综合性与复杂性,仅依侵权责任的一般救济规则保护业主权是不充分的,应把业主公共利益的救济规则与业主专有权的行使与实现规则相契合,建立业主权公力救济与私力救济相结合的权利保障体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 That China’s Property Law adopted the concept“Condominium ownership”lacks appropriateness, and it may lead to the distinction between civil rights theory and social life of civil right subjects. The concept of Homeowner Right reflects the people’s conscious conversion and real identity, and it is the natural heritage of specification language in China’s legislation. In addition, the concept carries respects to national habits and social ideas, and it can express the rights of owners properly and accurately, which is benefit for cultivating the necessary public character of owners’autonomy and formation of owners’autonomy ideas. Also, the concept publicizes the value of law.“Homeowner Right”takes the real right of Owners, the derivative interests of Owners’real right as its basic theory system construction. Furthermore, it is a sort of compound right collected by owners’exclusive rights of exclusive parts, co-ownership of shared parts, membership right for common interests and dimensional adjacent right for adjacent relation, which is the complete and rational owners’right system. Owners’exclusive right is the leading one of Homeowner Right, and the person with exclusive right has the right of possessing, using, benefiting and disposing to the exclusive parts. The shared right of using, shared right of repairing and improving, shared right of rebuilding, shared right of benefiting and shared right of disposing constitute co-ownership. The institution of Owners’divisional ownership of residential district makes up the systematic defects of“Condominium ownership”.Owners’membership right is rooted in the relationship of common interests, which takes owners’member groups as identity vector, takes owners’committee as basic governance structure, and takes owners’convention as group charter. That is to say the members of owners’group enjoy the right to participating in management and the right to be beneficial. The owners’group carries out autonomy management by bearing responsibility to the owner who torts the group’s common interests. The intertwined owners’dimensional adjacent relationship, common relationship and“Neighbors’Right to Enter”form representative features of owners’dimensional adjacent relationship which differs from traditional one; Owners’dimensional adjacent relationship is divided into types including the adjacent right for personal protection, adjacent right for environmental protection, adjacent right of the real claim in order to strengthen appliance of dimensional adjacent relationship.On the basis of synthesis and complexity of ownership construction, Homeowner Right’s protection only according to general relief rule of tort liability is inadequate. Relief rules of owners’common interests should be compatible to the implementation of owners’exclusive right and realization rules, in order to establish right protection system of combining public remedy with private remedy.更多还原