【作者】 王文棣；

【导师】 徐黎丽；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民族学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 社区,被称作社会研究之纲,而社区发展则是现代化理论和发展理论的研究重点。社区发展是一个过程,通过这个过程,社区居民共同努力并与政府权威人士合作,以促进社区的经济、社会和文化的发展,并进一步协调和整合各社区,使它们为全国的繁荣和进步做出积极的贡献。河西走廊不仅在生态上具有多元生态体聚合的意义,而且在中华民族发展历史上是主要的多民族聚居、融合地区。在现代化进程中,丰富的资源与脆弱的生态并存,巨大的发展潜力和相对的欠发达并存。研究河西走廊民族社区发展的历史和现实,不仅对当地民族和区域发展,而且对我国各民族可持续协调发展,共创和谐社会具有重要的理论和实践价值。本研究综合运用人类学、社会学、民族学、法学和历史地理学的理论和方法,通过对文献和调查统计资料的分析,梳理了河西走廊民族社区发展的历史、现实特征,以及社区民众经济、政治、社会和文化生活基本状态。研究发现,河西走廊民族社区具有原生性和自发性,民族性和宗教性,后发性和先进性等特征。其历史底蕴深厚,自然和人文资源禀赋优异,目前社区发展较好。然其发展仍是传统意义上的发展,不具有可持续性。经济上过于依赖传统畜牧业和矿产资源开采业导致脆弱的生态难以支撑；政治、社会和文化生活上社区民众参与度不高导致内源动力不足成为制约其协调、可持续发展的两个关键因素。研究认为,河西走廊民族社区要实现真正意义上的协调、可持续的内发道路,关键在于构建建立在内源动力激发基础上,合理有效的动力机制和保障机制。应以综合协调观为指导,体现效益与公平的协调,体现民族发展、社区发展与国家发展的协调,体现环境、人口、技术、组织和文化的协调；在社区管理中根据城乡二元化特征和民族社区的特殊性,科学合理地使用激励措施以激发内源动力；用城乡统筹为核心的“扩散—增长极”模式来整合内、外源动力；以大力发展旅游业;调整产业结构,做好农业产业升级；改善基础设施建设,增加公共事业投入和开支,促进民族社区科教文卫等社会事业健康发展和民众实际生活质量提高等措施培育可持续的增长极；重点做好社会流动和社会保障的城乡统筹,掌控大众传媒来促使扩散-增长的效果的实现。同时,建立以维护国家统一,反对民族分裂,促进民族平等,维护可持续的科学发展观为原则的法律保障机制。以授权性的区域自治法为前提,培养参与式发展理念的法律意识,健全环境法制,真正发挥《村民自治法》的效力,并树立有限政府理念,扩大基层民主；立法正式认可民族聚居地区民间法法律效力,解决“二次司法”问题,使国家法和习惯法相融合,强化各民族共创中华的文化特征,增强各民族人民当家作主的主人翁意识,促进对国家和中华民族文化核心价值的认同,共享发展成果,进而促进民族和区域的稳定和团结。共同建构以社会诚信、经济市场化、政治民主化、文化多元一体为目标的和谐社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 Community is the research outline in social sciences, and the community development is a priority in research on modernization and the development. Community development, the process by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those of governmental authorities to improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of communities, to enable them to contribute fully to national progress.Hexi Corridor, not only an aggregation of diverse ecological system, but also is a major multi-ethnic region for living and ethnic fusion in Chinese history. In the process of modernization, rich resources coexist with fragile ecosystems, and the huge developmental potential coexists with relative undevelopment in here. Studing the history and reality of the ethnic communities development in Hexi corridor, have more important theoretical and practical values to promote the local and national sustainable development, and build the harmonious society.This research used the theories and methods of anthropology,.sociology, ethnology, Jurisprudentia and historical geography integrated. Based on the analysis of literatures and Statistics, the author sort out the historical and realistic characteristics of ethnic communities development in Hexi corridor, and the economic, political, social and cultural conditions of communities.The ethnic comunites in Hexi corridor have characteristics as native and spontaneous, ethnic and religious, late-developed and advanced. However, noble personality glamour in History, superiority in natural and cultural resources, and better-developed communities, its development is still traditional, non-sustainable. There are two key factors to limit their coordinated and sustainable development. First, the fragile ecosystem is difficult to support development cause of the economy that dependent on traditional animal.husbandry and mineral resources exploitation. Second, the endogenous power is insufficient cause of members low-participation in economic, political, social and cultural community life. If we want the harmonious and sustainable development of ethnic communities in Hexi corridor to be actual, we must construct the mechanism of power and security that base on the motivation of endogenous power.Be guided by comprehensive-oordinated view, reflect the coordination between justice and efficiency, show the development of ethnic-group, community and nation coordinated, embody the coordination of environment, population, technology, and organization. We must apply some scientific and rational measure to motivate the endogenous power according to the personality of ethnic communities, and the characteristics of dual structure in rural and urban areas.For balance urban and rural development, we can use the "proliferation-growth pole" model to integrate extrinsic and intrinsic motive powers. Measures shall be taken to nurture the sustainable growth-pole, developing tourist industry, adjusting the industrial structure and updating agricultural industry, improveing infrastructure, increasing investments and expenses in public utilities. We could enhance the living standard of all people, and promote sound community development in particular fields like science and technology, culture and education, public health and medicare. The change of emphasis is balancing social mobility and social security between urban and rural areas, and controlling mass media to guarantee the effect of "proliferation-growth pole" to achieve.Meanwhile, the legal protection mechanisms must be establishde to preserve national unity and oppose ethnic separatism, promote equality, preserve sustainable the Scientific Outlook on Development. This mechanisms base on Authorization from the Regional National Autonomy Law, and we should foster legal awareness of participatory development, strengthen the environmental legal system, make the Law of Villagers’Self-governance active, establish the idea of limited government, expand grassroots democracy. To enact comprehensive development, we should recognize the legal validity of Customary Law in Legislation, solve the problem of" Second Judicial", integrate State Law and Customary Law, enhance the Chinese cultural identity that come from all ethnic groups together, strengthen the sense of ownership in all people, identify the core values of national and Chinese culture, and share the fruits of development, thus contribute to national and regional stability and unity. Co-construction a harmonious society aiming at social Honesty, market economy, political democracy, cultural diversity and unity.更多还原