【作者】 吕晓玲；

【导师】 池子华；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 度假旅游是当今旅游业发展的趋势与潮流。中国近代以避暑为特征的度假旅游曾繁盛一时,但学术界对此重要现象关注较少,更缺乏全面系统性的研究。本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,利用多方收集的研究资料,以近代中国避暑度假(1895—1937)为研究对象,结合宏观的历史背景,沿着避暑者结构及规模变化,避暑地性质变迁两条主线开展研究,以期全面勾勒近代避暑度假的概貌,揭示其发展演化规律,分析其所产生的社会经济与文化效应。本文主体研究部分厘为五章：前两章以时间为序,以避暑者为体,分析近代中国避暑度假的变迁历程。其中第一章以在华西人为主体,探讨近代中国避暑度假产生的背景因素,并在此基础上考察近代中国避暑度假初兴历程。第二章首先考察近代华人避暑度假产生与发展的历史背景,其次通过定量分析方法,揭示避暑者结构变动对近代避暑度假发展的影响,并对20世纪30年代中国避暑度假走向繁荣的具体特征进行探讨。第三章主要采用个案分析法,重点分析基于避暑地性质变迁所引发的三种开发与管理模式对近代避暑度假发展的不同影响。第四章全面考察近代避暑地对避暑者所承担的多种功能。第五章就近代避暑度假的社会经济与文化效应两方面进行探讨。在社会经济效益方面,首先采用量化分析方法,评估近代中国避暑度假消费的个体水平与总体规模,考察其对中国近代旅游业的勃兴、近代避暑地城市化所起的促进作用及由此所带来的城市化问题。在社会文化效应方面,通过对避暑地复杂的主客关系剖析,构建了近代避暑地主客关系发展模型,并在此模型框架下探讨近代避暑地的文化特征。本文研究显示：近代中国以避暑为特征的度假旅游肇始于在华西人,在华西人-直是近代中国避暑度假最稳定的主体之一。西风东渐,民国以后,华人避暑者的加入是近代避暑度假得以发展与繁荣的最主要动力。抗战爆发之前,近代中国避暑旅游发展到繁盛阶段：避暑相关出版物大量出现,庐山成为国民政府的夏都,避暑地体系不断扩展与壮大,避暑度假呈现出大众化趋势。因避暑地性质的变迁,近代避暑地主要有三种开发与管理模式：西人类租界模式、华人自治组织模式与政府管理模式,上述不同模式与近代避暑地发展息息相关。在长期的发展过程中,避暑地逐渐发展成为集疗养度假中心、时尚休闲中心、观光游览中心及社交中心为一体的多功能综合度假区,满足了避暑者多层次的需要。在主要避暑地,较大规模的避暑度假消费,促进了近代旅游业的勃兴与避暑地的城市化进程。避暑地主客交往关系复杂,历经对抗阶段、仆从阶段、维权阶段、管理与合作阶段,使避暑地呈现出旅游移民社区文化特征：西方文化侵入并占主导地位,民族文化复兴趋势及多元文化共生与融合。最后,本文通过分析近代中国避暑度假发展的整体特征,探讨度假旅游发展的规律,为当前中国旅游业从观光到度假的转型升级提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vacation tourism is the tendency and current of present development of tourism. In modern history of China, vacation tourism characterized by summer vacation tour was prosperous. However, there are only a few academic studies on such important phenomenon which even lacks overall and systemic study. Based on the study results of predesessors and multiple research data, the present dissertation studies the summer vacation tourism in China from 1895 to 1937 in order to probe into its development regulations and evaluate its social significance.There are five chapters in this dissertation.Chapter One and Chapter Two analyse the changing processes of summer vacation tourism in modern history of China, mainly focusing on summer vacation tourists with the sequence of time. Chapter One analyses background factors of the development of summer vacation tourism with Westeners in China as main body of tourists and reviews its initial process in modern history of China. Chapter Two investigates the background of emerging and developing summer vacation tourism among Chinese people in modern history, and then, with quantitative analysis, reveals the effect of the change of the structure of different tourists on the developement of summer vacation tourism in modern history and discusses the specific characteristics of flourishing summer vacation tourism in China during 1930’s.Chapter Three, with case study, focuses on different effects on the development of summer vacation tourism in modern history in China based on three exploitation and management models caused by characteristic changes of summer resorts.Chapter Four is the overall investigation of multiple functions of summer resorts for the summer vacation tourists in modern history of China.Chapter Five probes into the social economy and cultural effects of summer vacation tourism in modern history of China. From the perspective of social economy, quantitative analysis is used to evaluate the individual level and collective scale of summer vacation tour consumption and to observe the promotion function for the prosperity of tourism and for the citilization of summer resorts and its problems in modern history of China. From the perspective of social cultural effects, a development model of host-guest relationship is built through the analysis of the complicated relationship between the host and guest in summer resorts,and therefore, the cultural characteristics of summer vacation resorts in modern history are discussed under the model frame.The present study reveals that vacation tourism characterised by summer vacation tour in modern history began with the Westerners in China, who were one of the most stable bodies of summer vacation tourists. After the Republic period and affected by Westerners, the participation of Chinese summer vacation tourists became the main driving force for the development and prosperity of summer vacation tourism. Summer vacation tourism developed to the prosperous period until the Anti-Japanese war, with a lot of publications related with summer vacation tourism, Lushan as the summer resort capital of National Government then, the enlargement of summer resorts system and the popularization tendency of summer vacation tour.Just because of the change of the characteristics of summer resorts, there are three models for their exploitation and management:early Westerner’s rental model, Chinses people self-governing model and government administration model, which are closely related with the development of summer resorts in modern history. Through these long processes, the summer resorts became the comprehensive multiple-function resorts with the health recuperation and vacation center, fashion and leasure center, visiting and travelling center and social activity center, which met the needs of the summer vacation tourists from different classes. In some main summer resorts, the lage scale of consumption promoted the prosperity of tourism and the citilization process in modern history. The complicated relationship in summer resorts between the host and guest went through the confrontation period, master-servant period, legal right maintenance period, management and cooperation period, and thereafter, the summer resorts revealed the cultural characteristics of tourist immigration community----the incursion and dominance of western culture, the renaissance tendency of national culture, and the multi-cultural symbiosis and harmony.Finally, through the analysis of overall characteristics of the developemtn of summer vacation tourism in modern history of China, the dissertation discusses the developing regulations of vacation tourism in order to supply the references for the transformation and upgrading of the modern tourism from visiting to vacationing.更多还原