明清以来川（含渝）黔交界地区插花地研究

【作者】 杨斌；

【导师】 蓝勇；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 历史地理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 插花地是中国本土术语,清道光年间就己出现于有关历史文献中,但其科学内涵并不为人们所熟知。清代学者、官员胡林翼将插花地归纳为“华离之地”“犬牙之地”和“瓯脱之地”三种类型。本文认为,插花地是特定时期、特定历史条件下、特定区域内的各个政区(或行政区划)在形成、发展和变迁过程中形成的各种穿插交错或各种经界不正之地的总称,包括飞地和犬牙之地两种基本类型。无论历史时期还是当前,插花地都极为普遍。插花地的广泛存在,不仅不利于行政管理,对社会稳定、经济社会发展及人民群众的生活等都会带来极为严重的影响。故《周礼》曰：“惟王建国,辨方正位,体国经野,设官分职,以为民极”；孟子亦言：“夫仁政,必自经界始”。因此,深入研究插花地有十分重要的理论与现实意义。插花地研究可上溯至沿革地理学,因为历代正史地理志、全国地理总志及浩如烟海的地方志中,一般都有各有关政区沿革及“四至八到”记载,可因受种种因素的影响,插花地研究至今仍然是一个极为薄弱的环节,没有一本专著问世是最突出的表现,相关的专题研究论文也屈指可数。本文在详细占有档案与历史文献资料、并深入实地考察的基础上,综合运用历史地理学、经济学、社会学和行政管理学等学科理论与方法,对明清以来川(含渝)交界地区的插花地问题进行了深入研究。主要内容包括以下几个部分：第一部分为“绪论”。主要解释本文的基本概念、对本文的学术研究前沿进行全面系统的分析总结、交待本文的写作缘由、研究的时间与地域范围、价值意义、研究思路、主要研究方法及创新与不足等。第二部分为“川(含渝)交界线的形成与演变”。在较为全面地掌握历史文献资料的基础上,对明清以来川(含渝)交界线的形成与演变过程作了深入分析。第三部分为“明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地基本情况”。在较为详细地掌握档案与历史文献资料、并深入田野考察的基础上,采用点面结合的研究方法,分明清、民国及新中国建立以后三个时期,对明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区的插花地情况进行了深入分析。第四部分为“明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地之清理拨正”。在较为详细地掌握档案与历史文献资料的基础上,采用点面结合的研究方法,分明清、民国及新中国建立以后三个时期,对明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地的清理拨正情况进行了深入探讨。第五部分为“明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地产生的原因”。利用档案、历史文献与田野考察资料,采用理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法,对明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地产生的原因进行了深入分析,认为明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地产生的原因主要有：犬牙交错的政区划分原则、山川形便的政区划分原则、明代的卫所、元明之土司、土地私有制、“地随人走”的土地管理政策、贵州特殊的自然地理环境等。第六部分为“明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地的影响”。利用档案、历史文献与田野考察资料,采用理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法,从行政管理、社会稳定、经济发展及人民群众的生活等方面,对明清以来川(含渝)黔交界地区插花地所产生的不利影响进行了深入分析,并以赤水河流域为例,作了较为深入的个案研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chahua area is a native Chinese term, which has appeared in the historical document since the Daoguang reign, Qing Dynasty. However, its science connotation was not known then. Hu Linyi, a scholar and official of Qing Dynasty assorted Chahua area into three categories:"Huali land"," zigzag interveined land" and" enclave (or exclave) land". The article suggests that Chahua area is a general term for all kinds of lands which were interlocking and lack of clear borders among different districts. They were formed with the formation, development and change of different districts with special historical and social conditions, including two basic types——enclave (or exclave) land and zigzag interveined land.Chahua area exists widely in both history and now. The widely existence of Chahua area has negative influence on social stability, administrative management, economic and social development or people’s life. Therefore,"Zhouli" said:" When the emperor of Zhou founded a country, the first thing he did was to ascertain the geographic location, the second step was to make the territory clear, and the last to do is establish the official system so as to accomplish the reign of his people." Mencius also said:" A good reign must begin with the clearance of boundary ". Therefore, in-depth study of flower arranging has very important theoretical and practical significance.The research on Chahua area can be traced back to the history of geography, because the record of district location can be commonly found in the official history geography documents, National Geography documents and the multitude of local chronicles. However, due to the influence of various factors, the study of Chahua area is still weak, which can be revealed obviously by the fact that there is no books related published. Articles related to it are few as well.This paper holds the archives and historical literature, and deeply on the basis of field investigation, comprehensive use of historical geography, economics, sociology and management science theory and method, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Sichuan (including Chongqing) junction region of the flower arranging problem had thorough research. The main content includes the following parts: The first part is preface which includes the conceptions and methods applied in the research, material review, academic meaning and the background of the research.The second part explains the formation and change of the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan (including Chongqing) province (including Chongqing). The author did a research about the formation and change of the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing) after collecting lots of historical literatures.The third part makes an introduction of the Chahua areas between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing) from Ming Dynasty to now. The introduction of the Chahua areas is divided into three periods:Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty; Republican China and the birth of PRC to now. The author makes the introductions of the Chahua areas in three different periods respectively after collecting enough historical literatures and doing fieldwork.The forth part is about the reorganization of the Chahua areas from Ming dynasty to now on the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing). The reorganization of the Chahua areas was divided into three periods: Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty, Republican China and from the birth of PRC to now. The author researched the organization of the Chahua areas in three different periods respectively after collecting enough archives and historical literatures.Fifth part explains the reason why the Chahua areas existed on the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing) from Ming dynasty to now. The author analyzed the archives and historical literatures, and found that social elements and nature environment all prompted the formation of the flower arranging areas.Sixth part suggests the influence of the Chahua areas from Ming dynasty to now on the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province:based on the historical materials and fieldwork, the author analyzed the negative effects which the flower arranging areas brought on the local society. Moreover, taking the flower arranging area around Chishui River as example, the author did a case study.更多还原