【作者】 杨卫丽；

【导师】 李同昇；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 人文地理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 都市农业是现代农业发展中的一种特殊景观形态和生产体系,与都市圈社会经济发展存在着紧密的相互依存关系。当前我国都市圈发展存在着城市不断扩张、资源日益短缺、环境污染加重、城乡差距加大等多种问题,都市农业是解决这一问题的有效途径和现实选择。西安都市圈是我国北方和黄河中上游地区的主要中心之一,是关中—天水经济区的核心区,如何通过发展都市农业,促进西安都市圈功能优化和城乡统筹,是一项重要的理论和实践命题。论文综合运用人文—经济地理学和系统科学理论和方法,以西安都市圈289个乡镇为研究对象,在大量实地调研工作的基础上,采用定量和定性分析相结合的方法,对西安都市圈都市农业发展问题进行了系统研究。(1)对国内外都市农业研究进展进行了系统归纳和总结。研究表明,国内外对都市农业发展进行了比较广泛的研究,但对都市农业与都市圈互动发展研究并不多见。论文汲取人文-经济地理学、城乡规划学、区域经济学、景观生态学和系统科学等学科的观点与方法,提出了基于地理学视角的都市圈都市农业研究的理论框架和主要方向。(2)分析了都市农业的特征、功能与类型,探讨了都市农业与都市圈之间的相互依存关系。都市农业已成为都市圈重要的产业类型之一,都市农业区域也正在成为都市圈的重要功能区,都市圈是都市农业的重要载体,两者相互依存。都市农业满足了都市圈生产、生活、生态、文化传承等多方面发展的需要,都市圈对都市农业发展的阶段特性、景观格局、功能差异等方面具有重要影响。(3)界定了西安都市圈的空间范围,依据西安都市圈都市农业的发展进程和特点,将其划分为传统农业活力激发期、传统农业快速发展期、农业结构调整快速推进期、传统农业向都市农业转型过渡期、都市农业快速发展期5个阶段。(4)研究了西安都市圈都市农业的特征及功能定位。西安都市圈都市农业具有要素复杂性、独特性、类型多样性、空间异质性、动态与相变性等多重特点,其功能集中体现在经济、社会、文化、空间、生态等5个方面。随着西安都市圈社会经济的发展,都市农业的特点及功能将会不断演化。(5)利用景观格局指数、SOM神经网络、缓冲区分析、灰色关联分析等多种定量方法,研究了西安都市圈都市农业景观格局。研究发现：①西安都市圈都市农业分布可划分为0—20公里、20—45公里、45公里以外3个圈层,不同圈层的都市农业景观类型存在显著差异；②西安都市圈都市农业的景观格局沿河流、道路等呈现出多样性和变异性；③各种景观类型的空间分布存在一定的差异性。(6)根据西安都市圈都市农业发展特点、功能定位、景观格局和区域分布,结合国内外发展实践,构建了西安都市圈都市农业8种发展模式,分别为技术外溢推动模式、龙头企业带动模式、主导产业拉动模式、城镇企业带动模式、城乡互动发展模式、全民参与带动模式、协会组织带动模式、遗址保护性开发带动模式,并对各个模式及其特点、运行机理以及其在西安都市圈都市农业发展中的适应性进行了系统的分析和探讨。(7)在景观格局分析及发展模式构建的基础上,进行了西安都市圈都市农业空间格局的划分,具体划分为近郊都市农业发展区、中远郊都市农业发展区、远郊秦岭都市农业发展带、渭河都市农业发展带、杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区等5个都市农业发展区域。在此基础上,提出了各都市农业发展区(带)空间格局的功能定位、发展方向和模式选择,对西安都市圈都市农业发展空间格局进行了优化。(8)对西安都市圈都市农业发展的对策进行了探讨。建议未来西安都市圈都市农业的发展应明确其功能定位、产业定位和空间定位等；编制西安都市圈都市农业发展规划,通过转变政府职能、将都市农业纳入都市圈规划；完善都市农业发展政策制度；加强都市农业基础设施建设、加强农技人才培养等多种途径,推动都市农业产业化发展及科技化发展。本研究的创新性主要体现在以下三个方面：①系统阐述了都市农业与都市圈发展的相互依存关系,初步构建了都市圈都市农业研究的理论框架；②构建了都市圈都市农业发展评价指标体系,提出了都市农业空间格局分析的组合方法,以此为基础对西安都市圈都市农业发展进行定量分析和研究；③构建了西安都市圈都市农业发展的8种模式,探讨了各种模式特点和内在运行机理,并对其在西安都市圈都市农业发展中的适应性进行了深入分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban agriculture is a special form of landscape and the production system of modern agriculture development, which has a close interdependent relationship with metropolitan social and economic development. The current existing problems of development of China’s metropolitan area are urban expansion, increasing shortage of resources, increased pollution, the widening gap between urban and rural areas, urban agriculture is an effective way to solve these problems and a realistic choice. Xi’an metropolitan is the central metropolitan in north China and the upper and middle reaches of yellow river, which is the core area of Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone. How to use this carrier to achieve the metropolitan area function optimization, urban and rural integrative development is an important theoretical and practical proposition. The paper uses Human-economic geography and the system of scientific theory and methods, taking 289 townships of Xi’an metropolitan as study case, on the basis of field research, combined with means of quantitative and qualitative analysis.(1) The urban agriculture studies’progress on both international and domestic research and related basic theories were systematically summarized and concluded. The result shows that although extensive research has been conducted on urban agriculture and its development, there are few studies on interaction between urban agricultural and metropolitan cities. On this basis, drawing the viewpoints and methods of human-economic geography, town and country planning study, regional economics, landscape ecology, systems science, geographical information science, basic theory of urban agriculture research based on geography perspective and the main direction are proposed.(2) Systematically analyses andinvestigates the development of urban agriculture and the relationship between the metropolitan areas. Urban agriculture is one of important industrial sectors in metropolitan areas; urban agricultural areas are also becoming an important function of metropolitan areas. The two are interdependent. Metropolitan’s location advantages and socio-economic characteristics are preconditions of the healthy and sustainable development of urban agriculture. Currently, there exists a variety of issues of metropolitan development, such as lack of resources, environmental pollution and wide urban-rural gap. Urban agriculture is a effective way and realistic choice to solve these problems.(3) Defines the spatial sphere of urban agriculture of Xi’an metropolitan. Based on the process of agricultural development and characteristics, Xi’an metropolitan area is divided into 5 stages,period of excitation energy of traditional agriculture,period of rapid development of traditional agriculture,period of rapid progress of agricultural restructuring,period of transformation of traditional agriculture to urban agriculture,period of rapid development of urban agriculture(4) Studies the characteristics and function of urban agriculture of Xi’an metropolitan area. Xi’an metropolitan urban agriculture has the elements of complexity, uniqueness, diversity, spatial heterogeneity and the core of urban agriculture, dynamic and multi-phase variability and other characteristics, their functions are embodied in the economic, social, cultural, spatial, ecological and other 5aspects. With the metropolitan social and economic development, its characteristics and features will further evolve and develop.(5) The paper uses landscape pattern indices, SOM, buffer analysis, Grey relational analysis and other methods combined with means of quantitative qualitative analysis to analyze the landscape pattern and its inherent mechanism. The result shows that the spatial layout of Xi’an metropolitan urban agriculture can be divided into three spheres,①0-20 km, 20-km and above 45 km, the different spheres of urban agricultural landscape types are also significantly different;②Xi’an metropolitan landscape pattern of urban agriculture along the rivers, roadsshows the diversity and variability;③The spatial distribution of various landscape types exist some differences.(6) According to the characteristics of Xi’an metropolitan urban agricultural development, function, landscape pattern and regional distribution of domestic and international development practice, constructed eight kinds of Xi’an metropolitan development patterns of urban agriculture,technology spillovers push mode, the leading enterprise driving model, the leading industries driving patterns, urban enterprise driving model, interaction of urban and rural development model, public participation driving mode, associations driving mode, sites conservation-oriented development driving model, and each model and its characteristics, mechanism of the system running are analyzed and discussed.(7)Based on the analysis of urban agriculture landscape, the urban agriculture in Xi’an metropolitan has been zoned into 3 zones and 2 belts. They are development zone of urban agriculture in suburbs, development zone of urban agriculture in mid outer suburbs and development belt of urban agriculture in outer suburbs by QinlingMountain, development belt of urban agriculture along WeiheRiver and Yang ling demonstration zone of high and new technology in Agriculture industries. On this basis, the development orientation, direction, and mode of urban agriculture in Xi’an metropolitan area has been given, and preliminary optimized.(8) Explores the strategies and countermeasures for agricultural development of Xi’an Metropolitan. Proposes future development of Xi’an metropolitan urban agriculture should clarify its functional position, industry, location and spatial orientation;Establish "Xi’an metropolitan urban agricultural development planning", through the transformation of government functions, make the urban agriculture into the metropolitan planning; Improve the system of urban agriculture development policies; Strengthen urban agriculture infrastructure, strengthen agricultural training and other means to promote the urban development of agricultural industrialization and technological development.The Innovation of this study lies in 3 aspects, they are①systematic illustration of the relationship between the development of urban agriculture and metropolitan and preliminary construction of the theoretical frame of studies on urban agriculture in metropolitan;②construction of evaluation index system of urban agriculture development in metropolitan and the providence of comprehensive methods of spatial analysis on urban agriculture in metropolitan and based on it the research of urban agricultural developmentin Xi’an metropolitan area are studiedand analyzed quantitatively;③Eight Xi’an metropolitan agricultural development modelsare constructed to explore the mechanism of its internal operating.更多还原