20世纪50年代以来陕北经济变迁研究

【作者】 梁严冰；

【导师】 岳珑；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪50年代以来,陕北经济变迁的历史,既是新中国建立以来陕北人民在中国共产党和地方政府领导下建设陕北的真实反映与写照,也是新中国60年国家经济社会发展、变迁的一个历史缩影与聚焦。通过对20世纪50年代以来陕北经济变迁历史的研究,我们可以清晰地看到陕北经济发展、变迁的历史轨迹及其所取得的成就。当然,在经济发展过程中也有突出的矛盾及存在的不足,认真汲取正反两方面的经验与教训,以更好地服务于陕北经济的可持续发展。陕北独特的地理环境、资源条件以及20世纪初至三四十年代陕北经济的发展,既是新中国建立后陕北经济发展的基础,又为日后陕北经济进一步发展提供了广阔的空间与前景。20世纪50—70年代,计划经济下的陕北地区农业、工业、商业贸易及交通运输业有了一定程度的发展,但总体上讲这一时期的陕北经济以农业为主,农业又以粮食种植为主,且粗放经营、广种薄收；改革开放,陕北经济取得了长足的进步,尤其是20世纪90年代以来,随着陕北能源重化工基地的建设,陕北经济突飞猛进、蓬勃发展。经过60年的发展,陕北经济取得了辉煌的成就,农业的基础地位稳固,农业生产条件不断改善,农业产业结构不断优化；工业经济实力不断增强,能源工业强势崛起,快速发展；商业贸易繁荣昌盛,交通运输规模不断扩大。20世纪50年代以来,陕北经济的变迁呈现出自身鲜明的特征。陕北地区为典型的“两源并富”地区。新中国建立,陕北能源、矿产资源的储量优势不断显现；改革开放,尤其是20世纪90年代以来,能源、矿产资源对经济的贡献率不断提高；在经济发展的过程中,陕北工业经济由点状分布到面及带状分布点不断发展,逐渐形成了以重工业为主的资源型工业结构；并且资源的开发是以政府主导的嵌入式、跳跃式工业开发方式。20世纪50年代以来,陕北地区因地制宜,发展高效、现代特色农业成效显著,农业产业化不断推进；与此同时,陕北地区的退耕还林(草)工程在全国具有重要影响,并形成了自己独特的治理方式。这些都是20世纪50年代以来,陕北地区的经济发展不同于其它地区之处。20世纪50年代以来,陕北经济的发展极大地促进了陕北经济结构的变迁。通过对60年来陕北经济变迁的研究,可以看出陕北产业布局与经济结构的演变关系密不可分。新中国60来,陕北农业结构的演化历程证明陕北农业结构变化特点鲜明,农村工业从无到有、从小到大,迅速发展；农村三产的蓬勃发展,成为农业发展的一支重要力量。20世纪50—70年代,陕北工业结构以轻工业为主,工业部门主要是毛纺、服装、日用工业、陶瓷等部门；改革开放,尤其是20世纪90年代以来,随着陕北重化工基地的建设,能源工业迅速崛起,与此同时陕北工业部门结构发生了显著变化,石油、煤炭、天然气、煤化工、电力等部门发展迅速；除此以外,20世纪50年代以来,陕北第三产业获得了长足的发展。陕北经济结构演变的原因既与国家的政策及陕北经济的客观发展有关,同时也与人民生活水平的提高与要求密不可分。通过对60年来陕北经济变迁的研究,可以发现,经济的发展对陕北社会产生了重大而深远的影响。新中国建立60年来,陕北人民生活水平不断提升,消费水平与消费结构日趋合理,社会保障不断发展与完善；教育、文化、卫生事业不断发展；人口素质不断提高,劳动力资源不断丰富。60年来,陕北城镇化规模不断扩大,城镇在陕北经济社会发展中的主导作用逐步增强,城镇基础设施条件进一步改善,城市规划逐步走上健康发展道路。陕北经济社会呈现出一种良好的发展态势。反观20世纪50年代以来陕北经济的变迁,我们也要清醒地看到,在经济发展取得巨大成绩的同时,存在问题的艰巨性与长期性也不容忽视；认真总结陕北经济发展的借鉴、启示与成功经验,希望对陕北未来经济的发展有所裨益；正视经济发展中的矛盾与突出问题,这将是陕北经济未来发展中必须面对与解决的问题,以避免出现“富饶的贫困”及“资源枯竭型”地区及城市发展经济的老路在陕北地区重演。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1950s, northern Shaanxi history of economic change, not only is the Chinese communist party and the people under the leadership of the local government construction of northern Shaanxi truly reflect and portraiture, but also is the national economic and social development 60 years, which changes a miniature history with focus. Through the since the 1950s economic change with the research of history of northern Shaanxi, we can clearly see the economic development of northern Shaanxi, the history and achievements. Of course, in the economic development process also have prominent contradiction and deficiencies, to draw seriously negative experiences and lessons, and to better serve the sustainable development of the economy in northern Shaanxi.Northern Shaanxi with unique geographical environment, the resources and the beginning of the twentieth century to the development of the economy of the s northern Shaanxi, since after the founding of the economic development of northern Shaanxi, and the foundation of the economy for the future development of northern Shaanxi further provide a broad space and prospects. Between 20 century 50-70s, under the planned economy in northern Shaanxi region of agriculture, industry, business trade and transport had a certain degree of development, but generally this time in the northern Shaanxi economy based on agriculture, agricultural and food grown in the main and extensive management, much working for little harvest; Reform and opening up, the economy of northern Shaanxi has made great progress, especially since the 1990s, with the construction of the northern Shaanxi energy sources heavy chemical base, economy of northern Shaanxi advanced by leaps and bounds, vigorous development. After 60 years of development, the northern Shaanxi economy made brilliant achievement, agriculture as the foundation of the position is solid, the agricultural production conditions improving, constantly optimize the agricultural structure; The industrial economy has been strengthened, the energy industry is rising strongly with rapid development; Commercial trade is thriving and prosperous, constantly expanding the scale of transportation.Since the 1950s, the changes of northern Shaanxi economy show their unique characteristics. The region of northern Shaanxi is typical "two sources and rich areas". The establishment of new China, in northern Shaanxi the sources of energy, mineral resources reserves superiority is shown ceaselessly; Reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, energy, mineral resources to the contribution of the economy are improving; In the process of economic development, in northern Shaanxi economic industry by punctuate distribution to the surface and zonal distribution points of continuous development, and gradually formed a heavy industry resource industrial structure; And resource development is led by the government of the embedded, bouncing type for industrial development mode. Since the 1950s, the region of northern Shaanxi suit its measures to local conditions, high efficiency, modern characteristic agriculture development effect, continue to promote the industrialization of agriculture; At the same time, the north of Shaanxi converting cultivated land into forest/grass in the national project has important influence on and formed unique way of management. These are economic development of northern Shaanxi which is different from other areas since the 1950s.Since the 1950s, the economic development of northern Shaanxi has greatly promoted the economic structure of the northern Shaanxi changes. Through the 60 years of North Shaanxi economic changes, can be seen in the industrial layout and economic structure on the evolution of the inseparable relationship. New China 60 years, Northern Shaanxi agricultural structural evolution of North Shaanxi agricultural structural change that distinct characteristics, rural industry from scratch, from small to large, rapid development; Rural three production of vigorous development, has become an important force of agricultural development. Twentieth Century 50-70 time, North Shaanxi industry structure to light industry, industrial sector is mainly wool, clothing, daily, ceramics and other industrial sectors; reform and opening up, especially since the nineteen ninties, along with North Shaanxi and heavy chemical industry base construction, energy industry to rise abruptly quickly, at the same time in the industry structure has undergone significant changes, petroleum, coal, natural gas, coal chemical industry, power sector development is rapid; In addition, since the nineteen fifties, in the tertiary industry has achieved great development. In the evolution of economic structure causes not only with the national policy and economic development in northern Shaanxi, but also with the improvement of people’s living standard and demand are inseparable. Through the 60 years of North Shaanxi economic change, can discover, on the development of economic society in Northern Shaanxi have had a significant and far-reaching impact. New China builds 60 years, in the lives of the people level promotes ceaselessly, consumption level and consumptive structure is reasonable with each passing day, continuous development and perfection of the social security; education, culture, health career development; population quality rises ceaselessly, labor natural resources continuously enriched. In 60 years, urbanization scale is continually expanding, in the northern town of economic and social development of the leading role gradually increase, urban infrastructure condition is improved further, city planning gradually step onto the healthy development road. North Shaanxi economy society is showing a good momentum of development.In the 1950s, for economic changes in northern Shaanxi, we also should see soberly, that huge scores at the same time, with existing problems and the difficulty of long-term can not allow to ignore too; Summing up enlightenment and successful experience will benefit the development of future economy in Northern Shaanxi; Facing up to the economy development of contradictions and problems, will be the future development which must face and solve the problems,in order to avoid the appearance of abundant poverty" and" resource is dried up model" area and city economic development path in northern Shaanxi.更多还原