【作者】 冯思静；

【导师】 马云东；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 矿业工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 自然资源和生态环境是国民经济与社会发展的基础,随着我国工业化的快速发展和城市化进程的不断加快,人类对自然资源的巨大需求和大规模开采在我国单纯消耗资源和追求经济数量增长的传统发展模式的背景下,已经导致资源基础的削弱、退化、枯竭和生态环境的急剧恶化,如何实现自然资源的可持续利用和生态环境的有效保护、修复和补偿,已成为当前亟待研究和解决的问题。论文从生态学和经济学视角出发分析了煤炭资源型城市生态补偿的逻辑关系,分析了当前资源型城市面临的生态危机和进行生态补偿的可行性,在系统分析环境污染和生态破坏现状及影响因素的基础上,建立了生态环境容量评估和计量模型及评估方法;针对社会经济活动对生态系统所产生的负外部性内部化的问题,运用生态经济学、环境经济学和产业经济学等理论,研究了采煤活动的负外部性的形成机理、环境效应和社会经济影响,建立了煤炭资源型城市的生态补偿内容和生态补偿标准的计算方法;利用社会发展系数,建立了生态系统服务价值修正计算模型,对阜新市生态服务系统的货币值进行了核算,该值可作为生态补偿标准的参考下限。应用市场价值法和人力资本法等环境价值评价方法对阜新地区的环境污染和生态破坏价值损失进行核算,该值可作为生态补偿标准的参考上限;在对生态经济系统控制论和可控性模型进行分析的基础上,研究了煤炭资源型城市生态补偿机制的基本构成与补偿机制建立的可行性,提出了煤炭资源型城市的生态补偿模式。论文以阜新市煤炭资源开采为例,对生态环境损失进行了定性与定量研究,测算出生态补偿标准的上下限区间,提出了具体的阜新煤炭资源开采生态补偿模式和相关的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural resources and ecological environment are the foundations of the national economy and social development. Against the background of traditional developmental model of simply consuming resources and pursuing economic magnitude, China continuously accelerates its industrialization and urbanization, while the enormous demand and commercial-scale mining of human being have already resulted in weakness, depletion and degradation of resource base and precipitous deterioration of ecological environment. So how to realize the sustainable utilization of the natural resources and how to achieve the effective protection, restoration and compensation of the ecological environment have already become a problem that needs urgent studies and solutions.This thesis analyzes the logical relation of coal resource type cities’ecological compensation from the ecological and economic perspective, and the ecological crisis that facing the resource type cities at present, as well as the probability of carrying out the ecological compensation. Based on the systematical analysis of the present situation of the environmental pollution and ecological damage and the relevant influential factors, the model and method for the ecological environmental capacity evaluation and computation are established. Aiming at the problems of the interiorization of the negative externality generated by the social economic activity upon the ecological system, the ecologic economics, environmental economics and industrial economics etc. are used here to study the forming mechanism of the negative externality from the coal mining activities, the environmental effect and social economic impact, the ecological compensation content and the calculation methods of the ecological compensation standards for coal resource type cities are also being established. By using the social development factors, the corrected computational models of value-of-service for ecologic system are built. The monetary value of the ecological service system of Fuxin City is also estimated, it can be set as the lower referential limit of the ecological compensation standard. According to the environmental value evaluation methods such as the market value method and human capital method, the value loss of Fuxin City caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage is calculated as the upper referential limit of the ecological compensation standard. On the base of analyzing the ecological economic system cybernetics and controllability model,studied the ecological compensation mechanism constitutive structure and establishment feasibility of coal resource city,and established the ecological compensation mode.This thesis took the coal resource exploitation of Fuxin city as an example, qualitatively and quantitatively studied the ecological environmental loss of Fuxin, calculate the interval of the upper and the lower referential limit of the ecological compensation standard. And and also proposed the ecological compensation policies and ecological compensation mode for the coal resource exploitation of Fuxin.更多还原