【作者】 毕安平；

【导师】 朱鹤健；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 自然资源， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 生态系统退化是近年的主要环境问题之一。生态系统的脆弱性只是生态系统退化的基础,不合理的人类活动对环境的巨大干扰才是导致生态系统退化的持续性触发因素。农业是自然再生产与经济再生产相结合的部门,与生态系统退化和生态重建关系密切。农户是我国农业生产的基本单元,也是区域生态重建的主体和直接利益相关者。基于经济效益驱动和政府政策约束的农户行为是农户理性决策的结果,是生态系统和社会经济系统耦合的结合点,是驱动区域生态-经济系统耦合演替的基本因素。因此,本文以生态重建理论、系统耦合理论、农户理论、生态经济理论为理论基础,用实地观测、遥感、农户调查资料对研究区生态-经济系统的农户特征、耦合模式效益和流域综合效应等进行了系统分析。主要内容包括：(1)抽样调查发现研究区人口压力下降、年龄结构成熟、就业和收入非农化、土地流转率高、薪柴使用意愿低、农户对水土保持评价积极,表明当前是区域生态-经济系统耦合契机,但农户收入水平低、收入差距悬殊、产权不清产生了明显负面影响。(2)农业规模化、产业化是重要的农业生产耦合模式。利益成本效益分析不同规模的水稻、烟草、芋头、茶叶、杨梅和板栗种植,猪鸭养殖等8种农业生产耦合模式的经济效益及效益分配,构建了可行性指数用于耦合模式的可行性分析和优化选择。结果表明种植、养殖业都有明显的规模经济性,但不同品种在适度规模、产投比、利益平衡系数、可行性指数方面差异明显。(3)应用劳动力机会成本分析法和生态足迹模型理论,通过时空比较分析发现农户燃料由薪柴向非植被破坏型燃料成阶梯状演替,燃料替代的经济效益、生态效益显著,对植被保护和生态-经济系统耦合贡献巨大。(4)构建了长汀县农业生产Cobb-Douglas函数模型,分析了水土保持投资对长汀县农业经济增长的贡献,解决了无法剔除非水土保持投入因素区域经济增长贡献的难题。(5)引入PSR模型评价生态-经济系统耦合效应,建立了一套适宜的评价指标体系,分析了朱溪河流域2000-2009年生态-经济系统压力、状态、响应的时空变化,并依据系统水平指数和耦合协调度判定流域生态-经济系统处于生态重建的中后期阶段。(6)根据流域农户基础、耦合模式效益和流域生态-经济耦合综合效应提出了长汀县生态-经济系统耦合从R策略转向K策略的具体战略措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecosystem degradation was one of the major environmental problems in recent years. Ecosystem fragility was just the primary factor, while excessive disturbance caused by unreasonable human activities was the continuous trigger for ecosystem degradation. Agriculture, combining natural reproduction and economic reproduction, was closely related to both ecosystem degradation and ecosystem rehabilitation. Rural household, the basic agricultural production unit in China, was the entity and direct stakeholder of regional ecological restoration. With the constraint of government policies and driving force of the economic interests, rural household behavior, resulted from farmer’s rational decision, was the coupling point between ecosystem and socio-economic system, and the fundamental factor to drive regional eco-economic system to couple and evolve. Therefore, this thesis employed theories such as ecological restoration theory, system coupling theory, rural household theory and eco-economic theory to systematically analyze rural households’ characteristic, the benefits of coupled modes and integrated effect of regional eco-economic system by field observations, remote sensing and household survey data. The main contents including:(1) Sampling survey indicated it was time to introduce regional eco-economic system coupling because of the dropping population pressure, aging population, non-agricultural transformation of employment and income, high proportion of land transformation, low farmers’willingness to use firewood and positive evaluation on soil and water conservation (SWC), while negative impact caused by households’ low income level, huge income gap and unclear property right was significant. (2) The enlargement and commercialization of agriculture was an important coupling mode of agricultural production. By analyzing households’survey data, the economic profits and its distribution of eight coupled production modes, i.e. different size cultivation of rice, tobacco, taro, tea, chestnut, myrica rubra, pig and duck were calculated. Feasibility index(FI)was created to estimate coupling modes’feasibility and to optimize modes. It was concluded that cultivation had significant economies of scale, but the moderate size, input-output ratio, profit balance coefficient and feasibility index varied obviously among the species. (3) Employing the opportunity cost analysis and the ecological footprint model, the spatial-temporal comparative analysis revealed that rural households’fuel revolutionary ladder-type had shifted from firewood to non-deforestation fuel. Fuel substitution makes enormous contribution to vegetation protection and eco-economic coupling for its remarkable eco-ecological benefit. (4) Cobb-Douglas function model of Changting’s agricultural production was established to calculate the contribution of SWC investment to agricultural economic growth, which solved the long-standing problem that contribution of non-SWC investment factors to regional economic growth can not be excluded. (5) The eco-economic system coupling effect was evaluated by introduction of PSR model. A suitable evaluation index system was established to describe the temporal-spatial variation on pressure, state, response of eco-economic system in Zhuxihe basin in the last ten years. It was confirmed that the eco-economic system in Zhuxihe basin was at the middle-late stage of ecological restoration process according to the level index and the coupling coordinate degree. (6) Based on farmers’ character, coupling-models’ efficiency and coupling integrated effects of whole basin eco-economic system, specific strategic measures were proposed to improve the strategy of eco-economic system coupling from R to K.更多还原