【作者】 张宝强；

【导师】 周登嵩；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 1847年容闳、黄胜和黄宽三人由传教士带往美国求学,掀开中国近代留学运动的序幕。1872年8月11日,首批30名晚清幼童从上海乘船驶向美国旧金山,标志着中国官派留学的开始。自此,一批又一批中国人远离故土,负笈海外,沐浴欧风美雨,学习世界各国先进的科学文化。在中国向国外派遣的留学生中,也有一定数量的体育生,他们积极吸取西方体育的“合理内核”,努力向中国传播,在中国体育的现代化发展进程中做出了重要贡献。研究近代以来体育留学生与中国体育的发展这一课题,在拓展留学史和体育史研究领域、促进当代体育留学教育以及推动中外体育文化交流等方面,具有一定的学术价值和实践意义。本课题以“1903-1963年中国体育专业出国留学生”为研究对象,时间跨度60年,历经清末、民国、新中国建立初期三个历史时期。本课题以历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义为根本指导,具体采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、定量分析法、比较法、个案分析法等方法,从历史学角度,对近代以来体育留学生与中国体育发展问题进行全面、系统的揭示和分析。通过研究得出以下结论：(1)近代以来中国体育留学教育具有整体上的单向性、性别上的差异性、时间上的波段性、生源上的不平衡性、留学国家的集中性、留学群体的差异性、专业的稳定性、留学成果的多样性等特征。(2)近代以来中国体育留学教育的基本规律包括多因素制约规律、爱国精神驱动规律、跨文化优势主导成就规律、由自发到自觉的发展规律、文化输入和输出相结合规律、主导作用递减规律等。(3)近代以来体育留学生的基本贡献主要体现在三个层面：在器物层主要包括体育运动的引介、场地器材的创制和运动技术的发展等；在制度层的作用主要体现在促进体育教育体制、运动竞赛体制和科学研究体制的发展等；体育留学生在思想层面的活动,主要体现在传播军国民体育思想和自然体育思想,倡导民族体育思想,参与体育思想的讨论与争鸣等。(4)体育留学生的文化特质与历史地位：近代以来,体育留学生由于其所擅长的外语能力,在国外接受系统的体育专业训练,以及具有跨文化视野和实践等文化特质,从器物层、制度层、思想层三个层面为传播西方体育、发展本国体育做出了积极贡献。体育留学生是中国体育现代化发展进程中的先驱者。(5)历史启示：体育留学教育是一项应长期坚持的工作；在体育留学教育中必须保持民族性；在体育留学教育中必须坚持创新性；保持体育留学教育的平衡性；坚持体育留学教育中的爱国主义优良传统；充分发挥体育留学生的作用；保持民族自信心。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1847, Rong Hong, Huang Kuan and Huang Sheng were taken by foreign missionaries to the United States for study, which uncovered the prelude of China’s students studying abroad. On 11th August of 1872,,the first group of 30 children in late Qing Dynasty sailed for San Francisco from Shanghai, which marked the beginning of Chinese students officially studying abroad. Since then, groups of Chinese students were far from home to learn the advanced science and culture world-widely. Nevertheless, there were also a number of China’s students studying sports abroad, who actively learned the "rational core" of western sports, and spread them to China, which made important contributions to the modernization of China’s sports. The research is of certain academic value and practical significance in promoting contemporary overseas P.E. of China and improving cultural exchanges of sports between China and other countries.The object of the research is " Chinese Overseas Students Studying Sports (1903-1963) ". The 60 years of history covered by the research includes the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and the initial beginning stage of PRC. Guided basically by Historical Materialism and Dialectical Materialism, this research makes a historical, comprehensive and systematic analysis on the relationship between Chinese Overseas Students Studying Sports and the development of China’s sports by the methods of literature review, logical analysis, quantitative analysis, comparison, case analysis and so on.Conclusions:(1) Since modern times, China’s overseas P.E. had the characteristics of one direction as a whole, the divergence between genders, the periodicity of the occurrence time, the imbalance of matriculation, the concentration of the countries studying abroad, the diversity of different study groups, the stability of professional learning, the variation of the achievements of overseas P.E., etc.(2) China’s overseas P.E. had the basic rules of multiple factors constraining, patriotic spirit driving, cross-cultural advantage leading to achievements, developing from spontaneousness to self-consciousness, combining culture input with output, the leading effect of overseas students diminishing and so on.(3) The basic contributions of Chinese overseas students studying sports to the China’s sports are mainly reflected at three levels:at material one, institutional one, and spiritual one. The contributions at material level contain the introduction of sporting events, the creation of sports equipment and the development of sports skill; The role at the institutional level is the promotion of P.E. system, athletic competition system and research system; The activities of overseas students at spiritual level include spreading the sports thought of militarism and naturalism, advocating the sports thought of nationalism, participating in the discussion of sports thought, etc.(4) The overseas students studying sports have the cultural characteristics of being good at foreign languages, having received professional training abroad, and having a cross-cultural perspective and practice. They spread western sports through the aspects of substance, system and thoughts, which made positive contribution to the development of national sports. They are the pioneers of modernization of China’s sports.(5) The historical enlightenment of China’s Overseas P.E. since modern times: Overseas P.E. should be long-standing work; The excellent national character and the fine part of the patriotism tradition should be maintained in overseas P.E.; The innovation and the balance of overseas education should be kept; We must give full play to the role of the overseas student studying sports, and insist on national self-confidence and so on.更多还原