【作者】 赵娜；

【导师】 司锡才；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在现代战场条件下,导弹系统训练仿真已经成为了新式导弹武器开发和研制的的重要手段,对于导弹武器性能的检定也具有非常重要的意义。本文主要从系统综合分析设计的角度,针对反辐射导弹复合制导这一特殊的背景进行仿真研究。针对反辐射导弹复合制导特点从应用需求、解决方案等方面进行系统的研究,设计了复合制导反辐射导弹分布式虚拟仿真平台,并着重从虚拟场景的可视化角度研究大规模战场地形的建构及加速绘制方法。复合制导导弹分布式虚拟仿真系统是将导弹姿态动力学、运动学、制导控制理论与计算机虚拟仿真技术结合形成的集导弹轨迹设计、系统开发、仿真验证、演示于一体的集成综合仿真环境。协助完成飞行方案的设计、验证、论证、筛选和确定。系统面向对象采用模块化设计思想,设计了基于网络的导弹分布式仿真系统结构,并主要关注导弹运动建模、虚拟场景的实现技术。系统同时协调多节点运行,提供可视化的仿真结果,是一个可交互、可人为控制的动态模拟系统。本文针对导弹复合制导系统中对多种不同精度、不同数据形式的数据进行处理的情况,提出了基于高层体系结构HLA的导弹复合制导分布式仿真平台,结合导弹复合制导的实际情况,从功能模块、系统性能、结构等方面设计了仿真系统框架以及仿真系统中动态模型加入、仿真功能执行、子系统间交互通信等问题的解决途径,建立了由多联邦成员构成的分布式仿真系统,同时基于HLA规则设计了各子系统间的通信交互方式。反辐射导弹弹道仿真是一个非常复杂的过程,本文针对仿真要求,分析了导弹运动学以及动力学特性,提出并建立了简化的导弹弹道仿真模型,同时分析导弹制导控制系统的组成和反馈作用建立控制回路模型,控制导弹运动,实时输出导弹的位置、姿态、速度等。虚拟仿真中三维地形的实时绘制是场景可视化的重要内容。围绕导弹训练虚拟仿真系统的构建,针对导弹仿真系统中虚拟战场环境的建模技术进行了深入的研究,分析比较了现有的地形建模绘制方法,提出基于不同数据形式构建真实感地形的方法。同时针对仿真中大范围地形场景特点,提出地形加速绘制方法,在不降低图形分辨率的前提下,研究并应用高效的模型场景组织、数据处理与图形绘制方法,提高场景绘制速度,解决大数据量场景仿真在绘制质量、复杂度和速度之间的矛盾。在多分辨率模型基础上,对地形进行基于几何模型的优化绘制,对大范围地形场景提出视相关的分块多分辨率表面特征保持DVMR算法,算法采用四叉树结构,对地形的不同区域,依据视点和表面粗糙度采用不同细节层次表示,算法改进了模型顶点误差评价办法,采用屏幕近似误差度量,使得计算复杂度达到实时简化要求。与一般方法相比,能够在保证地形局部特征的情况下,达到实时绘制的要求。同时算法考虑了边界约束条件,消除了相邻地形块之间的裂缝现象,实现了地形块之间的平滑过渡。将简化地形应用于导弹虚拟仿真中,在保持模型外观的前提下,达到了减少模型中三角形数量,生成场景中不同细节层次模型的目标。分布式导弹虚拟仿真为系统性能的验证和研究提供了仿真平台,本文建立了弹道仿真、多模子系统导引、视景仿真等子系统模拟多模复合末制导导弹攻击海面舰船目标,系统创建了联邦执行过程和时间推进机制,模拟导弹运行轨迹和复合制导捕获目标过程,同时基于VC++和Vega, OpenGL实现了场景的调度绘制,实现了导弹虚拟仿真的实时、动态模拟。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern battlefield conditions, missile system training simulation has become the important means of the latest missile weapon development and research. For missile weapon performance examination also has the extremely vital significance. This article mainly from the angle of system analysis and design, take the anti-radiation missile composite guidance as background and carry out the research. In view of the characteristics of the composite guidance anti-radiation missile, develop systems research in the area of application requirements and solutions, design anti-radiation missile composite guidance in distributed virtual simulation platform, and emphatically from the visual angle of virtual scene research and construction of large scale terrain accelerated drawing method.Composite distributed virtual simulation system combined the missile attitude dynamics, kinematics with guidance control theory and computer simulation technology formed the combination of missile trajectory design, system development, simulation validation, demonstration in the integration of comprehensive simulation environment. The training system simulation provide visualized results, assist complete flight design, verification, demonstration and determination. System using object-oriented modular design thought, designed distributed simulation system structure based on network. And focused on missile movement modeling, the implementation technology of virtual scene. In the simulation system, multiple nodes execute harmoniously, provide visualization output. It’s an interactive, artificial control dynamic simulation system.Aiming at processing the variety of different precision, data forms of compound data in missile guidance system, put forward the simulation platform, missile composite guidance based on the high level architecture, designed the distributed simulation system frame, and combined with the actual situation of missile composite guidance, from function module, the system performance, introduces the system structure, the design and development processes. Illustrates the simulation system dynamic model to join, simulation function execution, interactive communication problem solutions between subsystems, Established the distributed simulation system composed of federal members, meanwhile designed subsystem interactive way based on HLA rules.Missile trajectory simulation is a very complicated process, Based on the simulation requirements, this article analyzed of kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the missile, and proposed simplified missile trajectory simulation model, through analysing the missile guidance control system composing and feedback role established control circuit model, control missile movement, real-time output missile position and posture, speed, etc.The real-time rendering of 3d terrain is the important content of the scene visualization. Around missile training virtual simulation system construction, this article studied missile simulation system virtual battle environment modeling. Analyses the existing terrain modeling drawing method, put forward the method of Using different data formed realistic terrain,and proposed accelerated terrain drawing method.In not decrease graphic display quality premise, Research and applicate some efficient model scene organization, data processing and graphics drawing method, enhance rendering speed, solve big data set scene simulation contradiction in rendering quality, complexity and the speed.Based on multi-resolution model, to optimize the terrain rendering, proposed the big range terrain view-dependent multi-resolution representation and surface features keep DVMR algorithm. The algorithm adopted four quadtree structure, with the different area, according to view point and surface roughness using different terrain levels.Algorithm improved the model vertex error evaluation method, using screen approximation error metric, makes the computational complexity achieve real-time simplified requirements. Compared with the general method, the algorithm can guarantee terrain local characteristics to real-time rendering requirements. Meanwhile algorithm considered the boundary constraint conditions, eliminate the cracks between adjacent terrain blocks, realized the smooth transition between terrain blocks. Apply simplified virtual terrain in missile simulation, on the premise of keeping the model appearance, reduced the triangle model in the scene, and achieved the goal of generate different details hierarchical mode.Distributed missile virtual simulation provides the simulation platform for system performance verification and study, this paper established the ballistic simulation, multi-mode subsystem guiding, visual simulation etc. simulated the multi-mode composite terminal-guidance missile attack target ship. The system creates the federal executive process and time promoting mechanism, simulate the missile trajectory and composite guidance capture target process. System based on VC++ and Vega,OpenGL realized the large scope scene virtual dynamic simulation.更多还原