【作者】 王影；

【导师】 史丽萍；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 目前,我国安全生产面临两大难题：一是事故多发的严峻形势,仅以工矿商贸企业死亡人数为例,2006年我国为14382人/年,20世纪90年代以来美国一直控制在5600人/年左右(韩国：3000,日本：2000)；二是组织(主要指企业)的安全生产应急管理水平参差不齐,其管理方式大多处于“各自为政”状态。管理发展的实践证明,管理标准化是解决此类问题的有效途径。因此,探讨安全生产应急管理标准化的相关命题,成为快速且经济地提高其安全生产应急管理水平,实现源头治理,建立长效机制亟待解决的问题。首先,论文以明确安全生产应急管理驱动力相互作用关系为出发点,基于力学理论分析了安全生产应急管理驱动力的形成机理和作用机理,确定了论文研究的对象和目标,明确了论文研究的假设条件和前提。驱动力作用模型的搭建从界定安全生产应急管理驱动力的内涵入手,引入力学模型,探讨安全生产应急管理驱动力的形成和作用机理,进而确认基于驱动力作用建立管理逻辑的路径。其次,论文从现实问题、要素识别、主成分和国外情境四个角度,分析了我国安全生产应急管理标准化需求,从管理实践角度探寻论文研究的重点。从安全生产总体情况、应急法律法规、应急信息和应急响应等方面总结我国安全生产应急管理存在的问题,将管理问题与管理环节、管理要素建立起联系,并从要素识别、主成分和国外情境三个方面,探寻我国安全生产应急管理标准化需求,从而实现基于要素管理解决实践问题的设想。第三,论文构建了安全生产应急管理标准化体系框架,为论文研究提供理论基础。从管理标准化内涵入手,明确标准化与应急管理的关系,分析标准化管理方式的选择理由。从标准化的角度诠释安全生产应急管理标准化内涵与管理过程,并明确各个过程的管理目标与功能,确立应急管理标准化的指导思想、管理原则与管理机制,在此基础上,构建具有跃迁功能的安全生产应急管理标准化体系结构。第四,起点模式是安全生产应急管理标准化的始点,论文通过起点模式的构建,实现应急管理水平的全面快速提高。以明确起点模式的内涵、指导思想和构建原则为出发点,基于现实需求和现实管理要素,采用QFD结构化转换工具,识别我国安全生产应急管理标准化起点模式的关键要素,确认起点模式的DMAIC逻辑,在此基础上,确定我国安全生产应急管理标准化起点模式的规范要求。第五,目标模式是安全生产应急管理标准化的终点,论文通过目标模式的构建,解决标准化目标指引问题。基于目标模式内涵、指导思想和构建原则,明确目标模式的总体框架。从对象类别、能力建设、发展阶段和组织形式四个方面,实现目标模式的目标定位,以国内外应急管理差距做调整,在此基础上,确定我国安全生产应急管理标准化目标模式的管理要点。第六,论文从应急成本角度对安全生产应急管理标准化模式状态判定展开了研究,解决标准化实现过程中的经济驱动和模式跃迁的判定依据问题。安全生产应急管理标准化强调从起点模式到目标模式的动态过程,通过理论分析和现实数据拟合相互印证,明确安全生产应急成本与应急水平之间的关系,构建安全生产应急管理标准化模式状态判定模型。据此判定同一标准化模式内部的状态与不同标准化模式间的状态,并提出标准化模式的跃迁模型。最后,论文提出了基于驱动力的我国安全生产应急管理标准化对策建议,落实了安全生产应急管理驱动力的具体举措,为标准化的顺利实现提供了保障。根据特性对应原则、问题导向原则、政策体系补充原则和驱动力实现原则,针对我国安全生产应急管理标准化的实施,从多个维度提出我国实现安全生产应急管理标准化的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, safety production of China faces two major difficult problems:Firstly, the severe accident-prone situations, only sets the deaths tolls of commercial mining enterprises as an example, the deaths tolls of China in 2006 are 14,382, which in the United States have been controlled at about 5600 (Korea:3000, Japan:2000) since 90 years; secondly is that safety production accidents management levels of organizations (mainly enterprises) are different, most of management ways of which are in "fragmented" states. Management development practices prove that management standardization is an effective way to solve such problems. Therefore, discussing the relevant problems of workplace emergency management standardization are urgent problems to be solved in order to increase workplace emergency management level rapidly and economically, achieve source governance and establish long-term mechanisms.Firstly, the paper determines mutual function relationships between workplace emergency management driving forces as the starting points, analyzes the formation mechanisms and function mechanisms of workplace emergency management driving forces based on forces theories, determines the research objects and purposes of paper, clear the research assumptions and premises of paper. The establishment of driving forces function model is from defining the connotation of workplace emergency management driving forces, the paper discusses the formation and function mechanisms of workplace emergency management driving forces after introducing forces model, further determines to establish management logic path based on driving forces function.Secondly, the paper analyzes workplace emergency management standardization demand of China from the angles of real problems, elements identifications, principal components and foreign scenes, explores the research key of paper from the perspective of management practices. Summarize the problems of workplace emergency management of China from the aspects in overall situations of safety production, emergency laws and regulations, emergency information and emergency response and others, establish the connections among management problems, management linkages and management elements, explore workplace emergency management standardization demand of China from the aspects of elements identifications, principal components and foreign scene, further achieve envisage of solving practical problems based on elements management.Third, the paper establishes workplace emergency management standardization system framework in order to provide theoretical basis for the paper. Analyze the selection reasons of standardization management styles and clear the relationships between standardization and emergency management through the contents of management standardization. Interpret the contents and management process of workplace emergency management standardization from the perspectives of standardization, determine management goals and functions of various processes, establish guiding ideology, management principles and management mechanisms of emergency management standardization, on the basis of which, establish system structure of workplace emergency management standardization that possessing transition functions.Fourth, starting modes are the starting points of workplace emergency management standardization, the paper achieves the comprehensive and rapid enhancement of emergency management levels through establishing starting modes. Set determining the contents, guidelines and establishment principles of starting modes as starting points, identify the key elements of workplace emergency management standardization starting mode of China by QFD structural transition tools based on real demand and real management elements, determine the DMAIC logic of starting modes, on the basis of which, determine standard requirements of workplace emergency management standardization starting modes of China.Fifth, target modes are the destination of workplace emergency management standardization, the paper solves standardization target-oriented problems through the establishment of target modes. Determine the overall framework of target modes based on the contents, guidelines and establishment principles of target modes. Achieve target locations of target modes from four aspects of object categories, ability constructions, development stages and organization styles, carry out the adjustments of gaps in emergency management home and abroad, on the basis of which, determine management key points of target modes of workplace emergency management standardization of China.Sixth, the paper carries out researches into the situations judgments of workplace emergency management standardization modes from the perspectives of emergency costs, solving judgments foundations problems of economic driving and mode transitions in the standardization implementation process. Workplace emergency management emphasizes on dynamic process from starting modes to target modes, determine the relationships between safety production emergency costs and emergency levels, establish situations judgments models of workplace emergency management standardization modes through theoretical analysis and mutual confirmation of real data fitting. Thus judging internal situations of the same standardization modes and the situations of different standardization modes based on it, and put forward the transition models of standardization modes.Finally, the paper puts forward policies and measures of workplace emergency management standardization of China based on driving forces and implements concrete initiatives of workplace emergency management driving forces in order to provide safeguarding measures for the smooth implementation of standardization. According to characteristic correspondence principle, problems-oriented principle, policy system supplementation principle and driving forces achievement principle, put forward policies and measures of achieving workplace emergency management standardization of China from several dimensions.更多还原