【作者】 李华忠；

【导师】 项继权；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在我国,高校不仅是培养高层次创新人才的重要基地,而且是进行各项基础研究和高技术原始创新的主力军之一。此外,高校还是解决我国国民经济重大科技问题,实现技术转移和成果转化的生力军。高校教学、研究的过程也是培养高素质创新性人才的过程。人才的培养问题突显出的是当今高校管理体制问题,高校管理体制机制是实现高校发展目标的重要基础,高校管理体制建设状况直接影响着高校的目标定位与发展路径。高素质人才的培养必须具有与之相适应的高校管理体制机制做支撑。新中国成立以来,我国高校管理体制经历了六次重大历史变迁。高校管理体制的变迁过程表现为政府与高校关系的调整过程。两者的调整与互动更加体现出政府行政管理权与高校自主发展权之间的权力配置与利益分配问题。进一步扩展高校自主办学权,扩展高校自主性权力空间,实现政府行政权力与高校自主办学权的合理配置与良性互动,建立起一个和谐的、互相尊重的伙伴关系,在互相服务的同时,进而服务社会,共同履行社会责任,促进社会文明与进步是政校关系发展的最终目标。然而,从当前来看,在高校管理中,政府始终是高校管理的主导者。政府的高校管理主导地位体现于文本意义上的依法办学、政治上的以党组织为政治核心、经济上的政府掌控下的高校财务“财政化”与校产“国有化”、行政上的“政府统筹指导下的高校行政执行化”、业务上的“政府宏观管理下的高校业务自主化”。从总体上来看,行政权始终左右着高校的发展,政府权力不仅仅是在宏观层面实施指导,也直接参与到高校管理的各个微观层面,大大挤压了高校办学自主性。为适应新形势下经济社会快速发展的要求,高校管理中在人事制度、财政体制及高校行政部门都实行了相应的改革,进一步提升了高校自主管理权。然而,高校自主管理中在绩效考核、依法治校方面仍面临各种问题,进一步规范行政权力也显得迫在眉睫。我国政府与高校关系其本质集中体现为以权力配置和利益分配为主导的社会关系。我国政府一高校关系发展的定位应该是去行政化,形成“相对独立、相互服务、相互监督、大学自治”的政府一高校关系模式。实施分权式改革、选择非利益相关改革主持者、保障学术主体是改革主体、建立清晰的改革路线图和时间表、建立相应的风险规避机制、实现增量式改革的目标、形成密切和融洽的政校关系是改革的具体路径。保障两者都能在各自的职能范围内更好地运作,促进政府与高校都能健康发展发挥各自的职能优势更好地为社会服务是改革的最终目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Colleges and universities in China is an important base to train high-level innovative talents, and is not only one of China’s main forces of basic research and high-technology original innovation,but also the new force of solving the major scientific problem in national economy development and realizing the transferring of technology transformation of achievements in our country. The college teaching and research process is also the process of cultivating high-quality innovative talents. What talent cultivation highlights today is the problem of university management system. Mechanism of this system is the important foundation to achieve the goal of development in universities, and the construction status of university management system affects the localization of target and development path directly. So the training of high-quality talents must have corresponding mechanism of university management system to support.Since the founding of new China, our university management system has experienced six major historical changes. The management system of the change process performance for the relationship between government and universities in adjustment process. The adjustment and interaction between them furtherly reflect the configuration and profits allocation between government administrative power and the power of independent development for colleges and universities. Further expansion of the right to run independently, expanding university autonomy power space, and realizing the reasonable distribution and the benign interaction between government administrative power and the right to run independently in colleges and universities,can help set up a harmonious and mutual respect partnership. Along with serving each other at the same time, they can then serve the society, fulfill their social responsibilities. Anyhow, the promotion of social civilization and progress is the ultimate objective for development of relationship between government and school.However, from the current point of view, in the management of colleges and universities, the government is always a leader of the university management. The dominant position for the government in the university management is reflected in so many aspects:the meaning of text is running the school according to law; politically, making the party organization as the political core; economically, college financial change into "financial trend" under the control of the government and " nationalization" of the school production; officially, simple execution of administration in universities under the guidance of government; on business, the limited autonomy under the macroscopical management of government. From a general point of view, the administrative power has always been about the development of colleges and universities, government power is not only at the macro level, but also directly involved in the management of colleges and universities the microcosmic aspects which greatly squeezed the university autonomy. In order to adapt to the new situation of the rapid development of economy and society, the college management requirements in personnel system, financial system and the administrative department executes the corresponding reform, and further improve the universities’right of autonomous administration. However, the performance appraisal and lawful management in independent management for colleges and universities still face all kinds of problems, so further standardize administrative power becomes imminent.The essence of the relationship between government and universities embodies in social relations which led by power configuration and distribution of interests. The location of the relationship between government and universities should be de-administration and form a" relatively independent, mutual service, mutual supervision and university autonomy" government-college relationship model. The implementation of decentralization reform, selection of reformer not based on interest, ensuring academic subject is the main body of the reform, establishment of clear reform roadmap, timetable and corresponding mechanism to avoid the risk and then achieve incremental reform goal, forming a close and harmonious relationship between government and school are the specific reform path. Security the government and university in their respective functions within a better operation, and promote the healthy development of them to play the respective function advantage, then provide better service to the society is the ultimate goal of the reform.更多还原