【作者】 李长宏；

【导师】 吕靖；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 物流工程与管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 铁路特种集装箱是指为满足货物特殊运输需求而设计的,具有特殊结构和设备的专用集装箱。随着我国国民经济的平稳快速发展和物流行业振兴规划的深入实施,为特种箱物流创造了旺盛的市场需求和广阔的发展空间。为确保实现特种箱的长期可持续盈利和发展,优化配置其资源,建立具备竞争力的现代物流服务体系和盈利模式,就成为当前亟待解决的问题。问题的解决对于提高社会物流服务效率,实现铁路集装箱的集约化发展和铁路物流的专业化尝试具有重要的战略意义和现实意义。本文主要围绕铁路特种集装箱的优化配置及盈利模式进行了研究和探讨。(1)根据系统工程理论,界定了铁路特种集装箱资源优化配置的内涵和基本功能,从市场需求和现状入手,系统构建特种箱资源配置体系,主要包括结构评价、保有量预测、物流网络布局和运力资源配置等主要内容。(2)特种箱既有箱型运营效率的评价是资源配置的前提,针对既有的六种特种箱分别进行DEA评价和组合矩阵分析,提出相应的改进建议,明确了具有发展潜力和市场竞争力的核心箱型—干散货箱。(3)运量预测是资源配置的基础,本文采用灰色关联分析方法选取影响铁路特种箱运量变化的关键因素,构建多变量灰色MGM(1,N)和三次指数平滑组合模型,并对未来5年干散货箱的运量、保有量进行实证研究,提高了预测的精度。(4)网络是实现物流空间效用的主要途径,本文以市场需求为背景,划分了特种箱物流网络的层次结构,通过聚类分析,对铁路特种箱物流网络布局进行规划,给出了健全现代物流服务体系的建议。(5)在特种箱资源数量、空间配置体系下,结合盈利模式的转变,考虑运力、维修和时间的现实约束条件,在箱源供不应求的现实情况下,系统构建空箱调度模型,并运用遗传算法求解,实现单一周期、物流网络内总体效益的最大化。(6)在特种箱资源优化配置的基础上,围绕核心竞争能力的提升,整合特种箱以外的各类资源,系统构建了特种箱物流的盈利模式和运营体系,确定了发展目标和重点措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Railway special container is one specific purpose type of containers that is designed with special constructions and equipments to meet special transport requirements. By virtue of the steady and rapid development of the national economy and the deeper enforcement of revitalization plan of the logistics industry, railway special container has vigorous market demand and broad space for development. In order to maintain the long-term sustainable profit and development of railway special container business, the problem of how to establish a competitive service system with an advanced profit-making model and optimal resources allocation This problem has important strategic significance and realistic significance for developing the railway logistic industry intensively in the professional direction and thereafter for improving the whole social logistic system efficiency.In this paper, we study the profit-making model problem and the resources allocation problem in railway special container business.(1)According to the system engineering theory, we define the resources allocation problem of the railway special container business. Based on the current market situation, we develop a resource allocation model which covers system structure evaluation, quantities prediction, logistics network layout and capacity resource allocation.(2) The required premise of the resources allocation model is the evaluation of the operation efficiency of the existing railway special container business. We process the DEA evaluation to analyze the existing six kinds of special railway containers. Moreover, it is found that the major type of special railway containers that has the development potential and market competitiveness is the dry bulk container.(3) Traffic volume forecast is the basis of the resource allocation model. We adopt the grey relation analysis method to select the key factors that affect the traffic volume of railway special container business. We also predict the traffic volume and the ownership of dry bulk special railway container business in the next five years with a developed prediction model that combines the gray multivariable MGM(1,N) method and the three times exponential smoothing technique. (4) The railway network is the main element for realizing the logistics space utility. In this paper, based on the current market demand we design the layout of the railway special box logistics network with the hierarchy analysis and the cluster analysis of the network.(5) We develop an empty container scheduling model to maximize the total benefit of a local logistics network in an operation circle under a capacity shortage condition. The model considers the following factors:the resources quantity and the space allocation of the special container, the profit-making mode transformation, the capacity constraint, the container maintenance, and time constraint. Moreover, we apply genetic algorithm to find an optimal solution of the container scheduling problem.(6) Based on the optimal resources allocation, we propose an operation system and a profit-making mode for the special railway container business by utilizing the relevant resources. We also determine the development goals and the key solutions to improve the core competitiveness of the special railway container business.更多还原