【作者】 李东辉；

【导师】 张均东；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 轮机工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 船舶柴油发电机组的运行过程是电站运行的重要组成部分。并联运行的柴油发电机组数量决定了船舶电站的容量。并联运行的稳定性与船舶电站的稳定性密切相关。建立能准确反映柴油发电机组运行的数学模型对电站的运行控制、仿真和性能分析都具有重要意义。柴油发电机组并联运行过程的研究涉及到柴油发电机的模型、并联运行控制模型、电力负荷模型等的建立。其中,柴油发电机模型尽管存在一些不同的建模方法,但大多数仅限于单台模型仿真。本文以柴油发电机模型为核心,建立了多台柴油发电机组并联运行的数学模型。本文以“育鲲”轮的船舶电站为参考对象,分别建立了柴油发电机模型、电力负荷模型,并联运行控制系统模型。在此基础上,构建了并联运行过程的仿真模型,以Matlab/simulink为仿真工具,进行了仿真分析。仿真结果与实船测试数据进行了对比。同步发电机模型是柴油发电机组模型的重要组成部分,对计算精度和仿真实时性有很大影响。本文充分考虑定子暂态对动态性能的影响,改进同步发电机的数学模型,引入七阶状态方程组,提高了动态仿真精度。对柴油发电机加载、卸载及压缩空气起动过程进行仿真,结果符合实际情况,也验证了模型的正确性。在简化参数的条件下,建立对电力系统稳定性影响最大的电动机负荷模型。在统一坐标下,采用派克变换,将变阻抗方法运用到柴油发电机组状态方程组中,避免求解微分代数方程组,提高运算速度。采用simulink组件进行了仿真,得到了满意的结果。分析了并联运行过程中同步的物理规律和特点,根据并联运行控制原理,提出了并联运行过程中负载转移仿真方法。定义了“并联运行稳定度”来表示并联运行的稳定程度,并分析了并联运行稳定性。考虑计算精度与仿真实时性的矛盾,进一步简化模型,并将其运用到船舶电站模拟器上。柴油发电机组的建模与运行仿真是船舶电站研究的一个重要领域,文中改进了同步发电机模型,引入了变阻抗方法建立电动机负荷模型,提出了柴油发电机并联运行过程的数学模型,首次提出并定义了并联运行稳定度的新概念,给出发电机组摇摆角曲线参数求解方法。上述对于电站的控制、仿真和性能分析有重要意义,并为研制电站模拟器奠定了重要基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Operation of marine diesel-generator is an. important part in operation of power station, the capacity of power station relys on the quantity of diesel-generator sets which are in state of parallel operation. The stability of parallel operation is tightly connected with that of ship power system. The construction of an accurate dynamic model for operation of diesel-generator sets is important to control, simulation and performance analysis.The research on parallel operation of diesel-generator sets deals with diesel-generator model, model of parallel operation control and electric load model, etc. Among these, although there are some different methods to construct models for diesel-generator, most are only for diesel-generator single set. With diesel-generator model as core, a mathematic model for parallel operation of diesel-generator sets is set up.Ship power station in teaching and study ship YUKUN being taken as a reference, diesel-generator model, electric load model and control system model for parallel operation are developed respectively. Simulation model of parallel operation is developed based on that. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software is selected as the simulation tool to carry out simulation analysis, and simulation results are compared with test data in ships.Synchronous generator model is an important part of diesel-generator set model, which have serious effect on calculation accuracy and simulation speed. In the paper, the stator transient effect for dynamic performance is considered, synchronous generator model is amended, Seventh phase state equation sets are introduced, and dynamic simulation accuracy is improved. The situations in which diesel-generator is loaded and unload as well as starting process are simulated, the simulation result corresponds to the practical situation, and also validates the simulation model correct.On the condition of simplified parameters, load model of induction motor is developed, which have most effect on power system stability. Under the unity coordinator, using PARK transform, variable impedance method is applied to state equation group of diesel-generator set, avoiding the solution of differential-algebra-equation group, calculation speed is improved. The simulation is made by SIMULINK tool with a satisfactory result.Physical rules and characteristic of synchronism in parallel operation are analyzed, according to control principle of parallel operation simulation method of load shift during parallel operation is put forward. The concept of stability degree in parallel operation is defined to denote the stability degree; the stability of parallel operation is analyzed. The contradiction of calculation accuracy and simulation speed is considered, the models are simplified to use in simulator of power station in ship.Parallel operation of diesel-generator sets is an important field in research on ship power station, in the paper, synchronous generator model is amended, and variable impedance method is presented to develop model of induction motor load, and the model for parallel operation of diesel-generator sets is put forward, the new concept of stability degree in parallel operation is first presented, the solution of oscillation angle parameters is given. These models are significant for control, simulation and performance analysis on ship power station, and will lay the important foundation for constructing simulator of ship power station.更多还原