【作者】 纪春；

【导师】 吴楚材；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 生态学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 目前,高尔夫产业已经成为全球一项重要的产业。根据有关专家预测,如按全面实现小康目标,中国到2020年中等收入群体的比重将达37%左右,潜在高尔夫人口将达5000万人左右,成为世界上最大的高尔夫消费国。但由于中国的高尔夫球场在建设过程中出现占用耕地、浪费水源、畸形消费等现象,促使政府出台暂停审批球场建设的限制政策。基于高尔夫产业市场需求迅速增长与限制型政策环境相矛盾的背景,本文综合研究高尔夫球场建设对旅游地的影响。(1)研究了高尔夫球场建设对土地利用格局的影响。以GIS和RS为主要手段,将获取的原始数据进行相应处理,结合海口市高尔夫球场的发展情况和各类土地的相关数据,对海口市近20年来的土地开发状况进行探究。研究结果表明：经过近20年来的高尔夫球场建设,海口市耕地面积并没有太大的波动,其统计数据都维持在2%至3%。空间位置上的变化较大,说明土地开发过程中,存在农用地的征用情况,但最后又在新的区域划定为农用地,所以耕地面积所占比重比较稳定。但林地有大规模损失的情况,致使海口市的森林覆盖率下降了20个百分点,成为少林区域。多处内陆水域的侵占也较为普遍,一些原本为水域的地方改造为建设用地,市区内的绿地面积也有所减少。(2)研究了高尔夫球场建设对旅游地景观格局的影响。以GIS和RS为数据获取和处理手段,结合海口市高尔夫球场的发展情况和各类土地的相关数据,利用景观格局分析方法,分析当前的土地景观现状和之前的发展状况。研究结果表明：海口高尔夫球场的发展对景观格局造成了一些影响,由海口各高尔夫球场的斑块形状指数可看出,除了海口新外滩高尔夫公司的形状指数较低,为1.88,其它各场地都在2.3至2.8范围内。斑块形状指数大,说明该斑块形状复杂程度呈上升趋势,斑块的几何形状越狭长,受人类的干扰程度较小。总体上说,海口高尔夫球场建设使景观多样性程度降低,景观类型和复杂程度降低；优势度升高,说明组成景观的各类型所占比例差异变大,少数景观类型占优势的程度变大。(3)研究了高尔夫球场建设对旅游地社会格局的影响。以单因素方差和模糊数学分析法为处理手段,结合对海口市四类不同目标群体的调查统计数据,利用SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析,从而分析四类不同利益群体关于高尔夫球场建设对旅游地社会格局影响的差异性与共性问题,并通过建立评价模型,为研究高尔夫球场建设对旅游地社会格局的影响提供参考。研究结果表明：地方政府部门代表、旅游服务供应商、社区居民、特殊利益群体等4类不同利益群体在对城市形象、住宿餐饮、外资引入、基础设施等4个社会影响因素上无显著性的差异,即存在着共性。而在传统文化、居民素质、旅游行业、就业等7个影响因素上存在显著性差异。这四类不同利益群体对于高尔夫球场建设整体认同程度为：地方政府部门代表)旅游服务供应商>社区居民>特殊利益群体。(4)提出了高尔夫球综合发展战略。结合高尔夫球场建设对自然与社会环境的影响,综合考虑政治、经济、产业、生态、机构等因素,为未来高尔夫产业的发展提出了对策性建议。本研究认为近几十年来,随着中国国内经济的持续快速发展和高球项目在时隔百年之后再次重返奥运大家庭,为高球运动在中国大陆的推广带来了难得的契机。在这一历史机遇面前,拥有众多优势的海口高尔夫行业针对目前所存在的问题与不足,应采取必要的相关措施改进,以助海口高尔夫产业的发展壮大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, the golf industry has become an important global industry. According to the experts predict that, by 2020 the proportion of the Chinese middle-income groups will reach to 37%, if the goal of a fairly well-off society will be fully realized, then the potential golf population will reach 50 million people. China will become the world’s largest golf consumer country. However, the problems of the occupation of cultivated land, water waste, the phenomenon of abnormal consumption occurred in golf industry prompt the government to put forward the restriction policy of suspending the development of golf course construction in China. Based on the contradiction background between the rapid growth of market demand for the golf industry and the restrictive policy, we make this comprehensive study of the impact of golf course construction on tourism destination with the sample of Haikou city. This study mainly included the following 4 aspects in the tourism destination:1. Study of the impact of the golf course construction on land use pattern. By taking the GIS and RS as the principle means, we make the correspongding process of the raw data, combined with the current golf development circumanstances and the various land-related data, we explore the status of the land development over the past 20 years in Haikou City. The results show that:after nearly 20 years golf courses construction, there is not much fluctuation in the farmland total quantity, the statistical data ranges 2%from 3%. Meanwhile, new region will be planned as agriculture land, the propotion of farmland area keeps at a relatively stable level. However, the condition of large-scale loss of forest land results in forest coverage rate of Haikou city fell by 20%, and Haikou is becoming an area of lacking forest. Invasion of inland waters are also very common, some of the water place transform into construction land, and green space in urban areas have also been reduced.2. Study of the impact of the golf course construction on landscape pattern. By taking the GIS and RS as the principle means to acquire and process data, combined with the golf development circumanstances and the various land-related data, used the landscape analysis method, analyze the before and current landscape status. The results show that:the development of Haikou golf course construction had some impact on the landscape pattern. Except for the Haikou New Bund Golf Company, its shape index was lower, at 1.88, the others range from 2.3 to 2.8. Patch shape index means that the higher patch shape index, the more complex of the patch; the narrower of the patch shape, the lesser extent by human interfernence. Overall, the process of Haikou golf course construction reduce the level of landscape diversity, variety and complexity; and cause to increase the degree of dominance, which indicating that the difference of proportion of various type of landscape composition become bigger, and the extent of the minority landscape become more dominant.3. Study of the impact of the golf course construction on society pattern By taking single factor variance and fuzzy mathematics analytic method as processing methods, combined with the survey data of four different target groups in Haikou City, using statistical software SPSS 17.0 to dispose data, we analyze the different and common problems on these four different interest groups about the golf course construction impact on social patterns of tourism destination, we also establish evaluation model to provide reference for the resarch on the golf course construction impact to society patterns in tourism destination. The results show that: Local government, tourism service suppliers, community residents, special interest groups, these 4 types of different interest groups have no significant differences in the following four socil factors, such as the image of the city, accommodation and catering, foreign capital investment and the infrastructure, namely, there exist the commonalities. While in the other 7 factors such as traditional culture, the quality of residents, the tourism industry, employment, they have significant different ideas. The overall level of these four different interest groups which recognize the golf course construction is:local government> tourism service suppliers> community residents> special interest groups.4. Put forward comprehensive golf development strategy in Haikou. Considering the golf course construction’s impact on natural and social environment, combined with the the political, economic, industrial, ecological, institutional and other factors, we put forward the countermeasures’suggestions for future golf industry development. This study suggests that in recent decades, with China’s persistant and rapid development of domestic economy and the golf sport returns to the Olympic family again after a century years lapse, there brings a rare opportunity for the golf sport promotion in China. In front of this historic opportunity, Haikou city which has many advantages for the golf industry should face the problems and weaknesses, take relevant measures to help golf industry to develop and grow.更多还原