【作者】 洪文艺；

【导师】 胡希军；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 生态学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在世界饭店业迅猛发展的浪潮之下,有两大问题困扰着我国饭店业的未来发展：①饭店业给环境带来的压力越来越大；②饭店业的未来发展缺乏先进理论的支撑。事实上,从20世纪80年代末开始,饭店与环境的协调问题一直被世界饭店业所关注；饭店业也在不断地寻找着新的支撑理论。在此过程中先后出现的环保饭店、节约饭店、绿色饭店、循环饭店、低碳饭店等,就是在解决上述问题中进行的有益探索。然而,近30年的实践证明,“绿色饭店”所依托的主体理论越来越表现出局限与不足；“循环饭店”的成功离不开国家层面强大的循环体系的支撑；“低碳饭店”的发展则离不开国家和国际层面的“碳”交易平台的支撑。因此,在现有条件之下,中国饭店业要想“突出重围”,必须走“生态饭店”之路。论文以生态学和现代饭店管理学理论为指导,对生态饭店的理论构建和实现途径进行研究,取得以下主要成果：(1)从饭店的产品、行业、功能、管理等饭店的属性变化,分析了中国饭店从业态形式到产品内涵的深刻变化,并通过饭店的本质属性、主体、功能、组成结构及特征的分析,对饭店的概念进行了再定义,即饭店是为人们提供住宿及相关环境和服务的公共系统。(2)从生态系统角度分析了饭店生态系统的组成、结构和功能,提出饭店是一个典型的人工复合生态系统,具有人本性、复合性、消费性、污染性、依赖性、开放性和高度敏感性的特征,其中,消费(消耗)是饭店系统的生态本质。(3)通过对饭店自然、环境与生态问题的辨析,提出饭店生态系统中所有影响到饭店、人、环境三者之间的稳定平衡、互惠共生的和谐关系问题都是饭店生态问题。饭店系统的生态问题具体表现在：饭店自身、饭店对人、人对饭店、饭店对环境和环境对饭店等5个方面的生态问题。(4)基于绿色饭店的分析,重新修订了生态饭店的概念,即生态饭店是一个基于生态学原理,在全面协调饭店、人、环境三者之间互惠共生、稳定平衡的基础上,实现经济高效、安全健康、环境友好、社会和谐四大本质功能而建立的人工复合生态系统。(5)探讨了生态饭店的组成、结构、功能和特征,指出人、饭店、环境三大因子共同组成了生态饭店的三元结构；普通饭店、环保饭店、绿色饭店、循环饭店、低碳饭店、生态饭店逐步递进的五个层次构成了生态饭店的金字塔结构；经济高效运行、安全健康舒适、环境友好持续和社会和谐稳定是生态饭店的四大功能；自然、经济和文化特征是生态饭店的本质特征；生态伦理的哲学思想和自然道德是协调饭店生态系统中人、饭店、环境三者之间的生态关系的道德准则。(6)提出了生态饭店实现途径的三要素：生态设计、系统管理和社会支撑,其中生态设计是关键,它解决的是生态饭店的结构合理、功能优化的问题；系统管理是基础,它解决的是生态饭店的系统功能是否能够正常发挥的问题；社会支撑是保障,它解决的是各种环境为生态饭店的稳定运行提供保障的问题。(7)以江西景德镇紫晶宾馆为案例,通过对宾馆室内外环境质量的检测,分析了紫晶宾馆的生态优势和生态问题；建立了生态饭店的评价指标体系和生态饭店等级划分导向,评价结果表明紫晶宾馆属于EEE级(中级)生态宾馆；最后从硬件和软件两个方面提出了紫晶宾馆达到更高等级的生态宾馆的实现途径。本研究的主要创新点：(1)对饭店和生态饭店进行了再定义,饭店是为人们提供住宿及相关环境和服务的公共系统；生态饭店是一个基于生态学原理,在全面协调饭店、人、环境三者之间互惠共生、稳定平衡的基础上,实现经济高效、安全健康、环境友好、社会和谐四大本质功能而建立的人工复合生态系统。(2)初步建立了生态饭店的理论体系,从生态饭店的组成、结构、功能角度提出“人、饭店、环境”的三元结构,“普通饭店、环保饭店、绿色饭店、循环饭店、低碳饭店、生态饭店”的金字塔结构,“经济高效运行、安全健康舒适、环境友好持续和社会和谐稳定”的四大功能。生态饭店具有自然、经济和文化的综合特征,而生态伦理的哲学思想和自然道德是协调生态饭店中人、饭店、环境三者之间的生态关系的道德准则。(3)提出了生态设计、系统管理和社会支撑是实现生态饭店三条途径,生态设计可解决生态饭店的结构合理、功能优化,系统管理能满足生态饭店系统功能的正常发挥,社会支撑是维持生态饭店的稳定运行。(4)探索性地构建了生态饭店评价指标体系和等级划分导向,并以景德镇紫晶宾馆为例进行了实证研究,为我国饭店的生态化建设提供了借鉴。总之,本研究通过对国内外该领域研究的理论总结,运用生态学和现代饭店管理理论对生态饭店的理论体系和实现途径进行了研究,建立了一套生态饭店的理论体系与方法,研究成果将对我国生态饭店建设起到促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast development of hotels in the world, two questions have influenced the future of hotels in China. The first one is that press on environment has become bigger and bigger produced by hotels; the second is the future development of hotels has been short of advanced theories. In fact, the harmony between hotels and environment has been paid more attention since 1980’s. And, new theories, environment-friendly hotel, resource-saving hotel, green hotel, cyclic hotel, low-carbon hotel, in the hotel industry have been put forward to resolve the harmony between hotels and environment. Meanwhile, the body of green hotel theory is limited, cyclic hotel theory is short of the strong support from the country policy level, and the low-carbon hotel theory seriously depends on the national and international carbon trade system. Hence, the hotel industry in China must follow in the step of ecological hotel, under the direction of theories of ecology and modern hotel management. The thesis studies the theoretic construction and realization methods of ecological hotels and the achievements as follows:Firstly, under the great change of hotels’product, profession, function and management, the thesis analyzes existing forms to products of the hotel industry, and redefine the hotel through hotels’nature, body, functions, components and characteristics, which is a public system for people to provide commendation, the environment and service.Secondly, from the point view of the components, structures and functions of hotels’ eco-system, the thesis puts forward hotel is a typical man-made complex system, which characteristics are man-made, complex, consumption, pollution, dependency, openness and sensitivity. Among these characteristics, consumption is the ecology essence of the hotel system.Thirdly, analyzing hotels’nature, environment and ecological problems, the thesis puts forward these issues are all ecological problems of the hotel that are concerned among the hotel, humans and environment, namely, the hotel itself, hotel to humans, humans to hotel, hotel to environment and environment to hotel.Fourthly, based on the study on green hotels, the thesis defines ecological hotel, which is a complex man-made ecological system to harmony the relationship among hotel, humans and environment, according to ecological sciences, containing four functions, economic efficiency, and healthy, environmental friendly and social harmony.Fifthly, the thesis analyzes the components, structure, functions and characteristics of ecological hotel, and put forward the three-element of humans, hotel and environment, states ecological hotel pyramid from common hotel, environmental protection hotel, green hotel, low carbon hotel to ecological hotel, and four functions of ecological hotel which are economic operation, comfort and health, environmental sustainability, social harmony, discusses the nature of ecological hotel which are natural, economic and cultural, and ethical principles which are the harmony among humans, hotel and environment among hotels’ecological system.Sixthly, the thesis puts forward three elements of realization of ecological hotel, namely, ecological design, systematic management and social support, in which ecological design is the key to ecological hotel to solve the problem of proper structure and good functions of ecological hotels; systematic management is the base to ecological hotel to assure the well operated functions of ecological hotels; social support is the supporting system to provide the supporting measures to ecological hotels.Finally, the thesis builds the assessment system and accredited hierarchy standard of ecological hotel, and accredited Zijing Hotel in Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province as the Medium ecological hotel (three-E) through testing the interior and outdoor environmental quality, and finally puts forward the realization methods from hard and soft ware for this case.The creations of the thesis are as follows:Firstly, the thesis define hotel and ecological hotel, states hotel is a public system for people to provide commendation, the environment and service; and ecological hotel is a complex man-made ecological system to harmony the relationship among hotel, humans and environment, according to ecological sciences, containing four functions, economic efficiency, and healthy, environmental friendly and social harmony. Secondly, the thesis seeks to build the theoretical system of ecological hotel and puts forward the "human-hotel-environment" three-element structure from the component, structure, and functions of ecological hotel, states ecological hotel pyramid from common hotel, environmental protection hotel, green hotel, low carbon hotel to ecological hotel, and four functions of ecological hotel which are economic operation, comfort and health, environmental sustainability, social harmony, discusses the nature of ecological hotel which are natural, economic and cultural, and ethical principles which are the harmony among humans, hotel and environment among hotels’ecological system.Thirdly, the thesis puts forward three elements of realization of ecological hotel, namely, ecological design, systematic management and social support, in which ecological design is to assure to solve the problem of proper structure and good functions of ecological hotels; systematic management is to assure the well operated functions of ecological hotels; social support is to provide the supporting measures to ecological hotels.Fourthly, the thesis constructed the assessment system and accredited hierarchy standard of ecological hotel, and makes a detailed analysis for Zijing Hotel in Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Provinc.Generally, the thesis concludes the theoretical analysis for hotel, ecological system, and researches theoretical system and realization methods of ecological hotel using ecological science and modern hotel management, builds a series of theories and methods of ecological hotel to promote the development of ecological hotel in China.更多还原