【作者】 方向阳；

【导师】 郭学东；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国国民经济的高速发展和综合国力的日益壮大,公路建设在国家基础设施建设中扮演着越来越重要的角色。而由于沥青路面具有整体性好、行车舒适性强、施工快捷迅速、维修养护方便等优点,在公路建设中所占的比例逐年增加。但是,由于交通荷载的逐年增加,环境因素的剧烈变化,以及不规范施工操作等原因,沥青路面的各种早期破坏也困扰着各国的公路建设者。采取何种方法既能够提高沥青路面抵抗各类病害的能力,又不增加太多的经济投入,已经成为各界专家所关注的热点问题。橡胶沥青是通过把废旧汽车轮胎在常温条件下进行粉碎,形成一定细度的橡胶粉颗粒,然后将橡胶粉颗粒在高温条件下与基质沥青进行拌合,并且经过充分的熔胀反应,而形成的一种新型的沥青路面胶结材料。橡胶沥青是在基质沥青中掺加了橡胶粉,提高了基质沥青的低温抗裂性能、高温稳定性能以及疲劳耐久性能。同时,与广泛采用SBS改性沥青相比,橡胶沥青具有成本低廉的经济性优势。目前,回收再利用固体废弃物是国家现阶段比较重视问题,橡胶沥青广泛应用在一定程度上解决了大量废旧汽车轮胎的回收再利用问题,正逐步地受到国家及相关建设主管部门的青睐。本文对橡胶沥青和90#沥青的针入度、延度、软化点、弹性恢复和粘附性等基本性能指标进行了室内试验研究。主要针对东北季冻区的环境特点,进行了低温针入度、低温延度和低温弹性恢复试验研究,得出了橡胶沥青比重交通90#沥青具有高低温针入度大、低温延展性好、低温弹性恢复能力强的特点。同时,橡胶沥青比90#沥青软化点有较大提高,高温的稳定性较为突出。通过采用电磁炉,对粘附了橡胶沥青和90#沥青的粗集料进行大功率和长时间的水煮法试验,定量的得到了橡胶沥青抵抗剥落的显著优势。本文分别采用橡胶沥青和90#沥青制作了沥青混凝土试件,主要有小马歇尔试件、车辙板试件以及由车辙板试件切割成的小梁试件,并进行了相应的路用性能试验研究。通过对车辙板试件进行60℃的高温车辙试验和45℃的低温车辙试验,得出了橡胶沥青无论在高温地区还是低温地区都有良好的高温稳定性能。通过对小马歇尔试件进行低温劈裂试验、对小梁试件进行低温弯曲试验和低温冲击韧性试验,得出了橡胶沥青具有较好的低温稳定性。通过小马歇尔试件的马歇尔稳定度试验、劈裂试验和冻融劈裂试验,得出了橡胶沥青具有较好的水稳定性能。通过对小马歇尔试件进行间接拉伸疲劳试验,得出了橡胶沥青具有较好疲劳耐久性能。本文通过动态压缩试验和间接拉伸劲度(动态)模量试验,通过对比相应的动力学参数,得出了橡胶沥青的动力学特性。通过动态压缩试验,分析了橡胶沥青在不同频率荷载下动态压缩模量和滞后相位角?的变化规律。通过动态压缩模量的分析,得出了橡胶沥青混凝土动态压缩模量在整个测试频域范围内均小于90#沥青混凝土的动态模量,说明橡胶粉的加入明显的增加了沥青混凝土的柔性,有利于提高橡胶沥青混凝土的低温稳定性能。通过滞后相位角?的分析,得出了橡胶沥青混凝土相位角?在整个测试频域范围内变化不大,基本上趋于一条平直线,说明加载频率对橡胶沥青混凝土的滞后相位角?受加载频率的影响较小。通过间接拉伸劲度(动态)模量试验,分析了不同试验温度下动态间接拉伸劲度模量的变化规律,得出了橡胶沥青混凝土受温度的影响较小,尤其在温度较低的情况下,橡胶沥青混凝土可以提供较好的抗变形能力,具有较高的低温抗变形能力。本文采用cooper试验机进行30℃、40℃和50℃的蠕变试验,通过提取相关参数,分析了橡胶沥青的粘弹性能。在同一温度下,橡胶沥青混凝土的蠕变变形均小于90#沥青混凝土,这表明橡胶粉的加入改善了沥青混凝土的蠕变性能。通过计算卸载后的回弹模量,发现在温度相对较低的情况下,两种沥青混凝土的回弹模量值相差不大,但在高温时橡胶沥青混凝土的回弹模量值远远高于90#沥青混凝土,表明橡胶沥青混凝土的高温优势显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the high-speed development of our national economy and comprehensive national strength growing increasingly, highway construction in the national infrastructure construction plays a more and more important role. And because the bituminous pavement has good overall performance, drive comfort is strong, quick construction quickly, repair maintenance is convenient wait for an advantage, in the highway construction in the proportion has increased year by year. However, due to traffic load has increased year by year, the dramatic changes in environmental factors, as well as non-standard construction operation and other reasons, asphalt pavement early damage is also plagued by various national highway builder. The method not only can improve the ability of resistance to various diseases of asphalt pavement, without too much investment, has become the hot issue concerned by all circles expert.Rubber asphalt is through the discarded automobile tires at room temperature under the conditions of the pulverization, formed certain fine rubber powder particles, then the rubber powder particles in high temperature conditions and matrix asphalt mix, and after full swelling reaction, and the formation of a new asphalt pavement cementing materials. Rubber asphalt in asphalt added with crumb rubber, improves the matrix asphalt low temperature crack resistance, high temperature stability and fatigue performance. At the same time, with the widespread adoption of SBS modified asphalt, asphalt rubber with low cost economic advantage. At present, recycling of solid waste is the state pay more attention to issues, rubber asphalt is widely used in some extent to solve a large number of scrap tire recycling problem, is gradually by the state and relevant departments in charge of construction ’s favor.The rubber asphalt and 90 # asphalt penetration, ductility, softening point, elastic recovery and adhesion and the basic performance indicators of indoor experimental study. Aimed at the northeast of the seasonally frozen areas environmental characteristics, were low penetration, ductility at low temperature and low temperature elastic recovery test of asphalt rubber, the proportion of traffic 90 # asphalt has discretion warming needle penetration, low temperature ductility, low temperature elastic recovery capability. At the same time, more than 90 # rubber asphalt softening point of asphalt has bigger rise, high temperature stability is more prominent. Through the use of electromagnetic furnace, the adhesion of asphalt rubber and 90 # asphalt coarse aggregate for high power and long time boiling test, quantitative obtained remarkable advantages of asphalt rubber spalling resistance.The rubber asphalt and asphalt production 90 # asphalt concrete test piece, mainly pony Richelle specimen, rutting plate specimens as well as by rutting plate specimen is cut into small beam specimens, and the corresponding experimental research on road performance. The track plate specimens of 60 DEG C high temperature rutting test and 45 DEG C temperature rut test, the rubber asphalt in high temperature area or the low temperature region has good high temperature stability. The pony Richelle specimen by low temperature splitting test, the small beam specimen bend test at low temperature and low temperature impact toughness test, the rubber asphalt has better stability at low temperature. The pony Marshall test piece Marshall stability test, tensile test and freeze-thaw splitting test, the rubber asphalt has good water stability. The pony Richelle specimen by indirect tensile fatigue test, the rubber asphalt has good fatigue performance.This article through the dynamic compression test and indirect tensile stiffness ( dynamic ) modulus test, through comparing the corresponding kinetic parameters, the dynamic characteristics of rubber asphalt. Through the dynamic compression test, analyzed the rubber asphalt in different frequency load under dynamic compressive modulus and the lagging phase angle change rule. Through the analysis of the dynamic compressive modulus, the rubber asphalt concrete dynamic compressive modulus in the whole test frequency range were less than 90 # dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete, rubber powder obviously increases the flexibility of asphalt concrete, is beneficial to improve the rubber asphalt concrete at low temperature stability. The lagging phase angle analysis, the rubber asphalt concrete phase angle in the whole test frequency range change is not big, basically tends to be a straight, description of the loading frequency on rubber asphalt concrete the lagging phase angle by load frequency effect. By indirect tensile stiffness ( dynamic ) modulus test, analysis of different test temperature dynamic indirect tensile stiffness modulus variation, reached rubber asphalt concrete affected by temperature is small, especially in the low temperature condition, the rubber asphalt concrete can provide good deformation resistance, with a high temperature deformation resistance ability.This paper uses the Cooper test machine to 30℃, 40℃and 50℃of the creep test, through the extraction of relevant parameters, analysis of the viscoelastic properties of asphalt rubber. Under the same temperature, the rubber asphalt concrete creep deformation were less than 90 # asphalt concrete, which indicated that the rubber powder to improve the asphalt concrete creep properties. Through the calculation of the unloading rebound modulus, found in relatively low temperature conditions, two kinds of asphalt concrete modulus of resilience of difference is not big, but at high temperature rubber asphalt concrete modulus of resilience is far higher than the 90 # asphalt concrete, indicated that the rubber asphalt concrete high temperature advantages.更多还原