【作者】 王丽红；

【导师】 阎楚良； 叶金鹏；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业机械化科学研究院 ， 机械设计及理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 家禽自动化屠宰加工技术装备的应用对快速提升我国肉类加工业整体技术水平具有重要意义。国外的家禽取内脏加工技术已十分成熟,系列化的联合作业系统得到广泛应用,实现了规模化生产和高效管理,大幅提升了禽类产品的品质和市场竞争力。受制于落后的产品开发手段,该项技术在我国仍处于空白。产品设计是一个“设计—评价—再设计”的反复迭代、不断优化的过程,产品创新主要集中在产品设计环节,设计对产品质量、售后服务和环境影响也起着决定性的作用。应用现代设计技术和方法提升产品的科技含量、创新性和市场竞争力等综合质量(TQCSE),对增强企业的竞争力意义重大。本文从工程实际出发,以家禽取内脏机为切入点,采用数字化设计方法对家禽取内脏机关键技术进行了深入研究,进行的主要研究工作如下：对机械产品的几何建模、特征建模、参数化建模和数字化装配理论进行了研究,采用参数化特征建模方式建立了家禽取内脏机零部件的三维实体模型,并进行了虚拟装配,对装配模型进行了干涉检查。对仿生机械学的基础理论进行了研究；通过家禽腹腔轮廓造型试验得到了肉鸡、肉鸭内腔轮廓曲线数据；在此基础上,按照逆向仿形思想设计了扒取式取内脏机械手运动轨迹；根据机械手机构分析,推导了机械手运动轨迹与控制凸轮廓线之间的关系式；仿真分析了机械手主要结构参数对其末端运动轨迹的影响,为机械手的系列化开发奠定基础。根据空间啮合原理建立了控制机械手直动的凸轮廓面方程,分析了工作段凸轮廓面压力角,压力角均小于35。,满足空间凸轮设计要求；对家禽取内脏加工执行部件的协调性进行了研究,设计了执行部件工作循环图。对影响凸轮控制机构精度的主要机构参数的误差影响系数进行了仿真分析,得到了各参数的误差影响系数曲线。分析了凸轮廓线过渡圆弧半径r与各参数误差影响系数的关系,误差分析表明,圆锥凸轮可提高机构的控制精度；对机械手运动轨迹、运动特性及执行机构动作协调性进行了仿真分析,对家禽取内脏机的机架进行了静态刚度和强度分析,获得了以质量最轻为目标的一组最优结构参数。进行了家禽取内脏样机实验,分析了影响内脏破损及残留的关键因素。实验结果表明内脏破损率较高,需通过参数优化进一步改善,内脏残留率可基本满足要求。本文基于数字化设计技术,深入研究了家禽取内脏机的执行部件及凸轮控制机构等关键技术,对提高我国家禽自动化屠宰加工技术的研发水平,缩短开发周期具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is important to improve the whole technology of our nation’s Meat Processing Industry with applying the automatic poultry slaughtering equipments. Automatic poultry eviscerating technology has been used widely in many countries to highly promote the corporation’s productivity, management efficiency, poultry meat quality and market competition. The poultry automatic eviscerating technology is still blank in China owing to the lack of advanced design technology applying.Mechanical products design is a process "Design—Evaluation—Redesign" of continued optimization. Product innovation relies overwhelmingly on its design. It is important to improve the product’s comprehensive quality (TQCSE), such as technology content, innovation and competition with applying the advanced design method for stepping up the corporation’s competitiveness.In this paper, the key technology of poultry eviscerator was studied based on the acutual need of engineering project with advanced design technology, the mainworks are as following:The geometry modeling, feature modeling, parametric modeling and digital assembly modeling theory of the mechanic product are researched. The parametric feature modeling is adopted in the poultry automatic eviscerator’s parts model building. The virtual assembly and intervention checking are done based on the solid model, which is the basis for the subsequent simulation and optimization.The basic theory of bionic mechanics has been studied. On the base of poultry cavity experiment research, the manipulator’s lowest point’s movement track has been designed according to reverse-copying. The analytical design method of cam profile controlling manipulator’s action is provided. The effect of manipulator’s structural parameters on track of manipulator’s end is analyzed by simulation analysis which laid the foundation for poultry eviscerating manipulator serialization.The cam profile equation controlling the manipulator’s translational movement is deduced by means of space mesh theory, the analyzing result of the cam profile pressure angle shows that the pressure angle less than 35°and meet the cam design requirement. The motion compatibleness of poultry automatic eviscerating actuating parts is studied and the working cycle graph of poultry eviscerating manipulator’s actuating parts is finished.Error coefficient of cam mechanism’s main structural parameters is analyzed on simulation and the structural parameters error coefficient simulation curve on different position is obtained. the relationship between the error coefficient and radius of cam profile circular arc radius r is analyzed, the analysis of error coefficient shows that control precision of conical cam mechanism is higher than cylindrical cam mechanism. The track of eviscerating manipulator’s movement, motion property and motion compatibleness of poultry automatic eviscerating actuating parts is simulated. A group of optimum structure sparameters of eviscerator’s frame are obtained with optimal object of minimum weight after taking the static stiffness and strength analysis for eviscerator’s frame.Poultry eviscerating experiment research is. The influence factors on the rupture and remains of entrails is analyzed. The test results show that the rate of rupture is relatively high, while the remains of poultry entrails can satisfy the eviscerating processing requirements basically. The equipment’s performance need to be proved by parametric optimization.This paper made a deep study on the executive mechanisms and cam controlling mechanism of poultry automatic eviscerator based on digital design technology. This research has important significance to enhancing the design level for all kinds of automatic poultry slaughtering devices and shortening development cycle.更多还原