【作者】 黄亦君；

【导师】 朱子彦；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在解放战争取得全国性胜利的前提下,一系列大中小城市开始纳入中共管制的范围,接管城市、建设城市,不但是巩固革命胜利成果的重要内容,而且是顺利实现党的工作重心转移、建构国家机体的关键性问题。作为中共解放大西南的第一座省会城市,学界对“中共对贵阳的接管与政权建设”的研究颇为薄弱,已有研究多注重中共解放贵阳这一历史过程的叙述,忽视了解放城市的目的在于管理和建设。本文从“接管与政权建设”的视角入手,考察1949-1952年间中共对贵阳市的接管与政权建设工作,打碎旧的国家机器,建立人民政权,以及为适应这一新秩序而做出的一系列探索和尝试;理清中共对贵阳的城市接管和政权建设工作的基本历史脉络,围绕城市的政权建设、经济建设、社会改造等展开的工作,再现建国初期中共对贵阳接收与治理的历史全貌;重视贵阳市军事管制委员会在其中扮演的角色、所起的作用与具体责任;考察中共在对贵阳城市的建设和重塑过程中因地制宜地制定符合贵阳城市发展的方针政策,特别是对少数民族的关怀与管理。除“引言”与“结语”外,全文由六章组成。第一章叙述中共接管贵阳的准备工作。第二章阐述中共接收贵阳的历史过程,指出贵阳市军事管制委员会在保证城市的正常运作、维护社会公共秩序方面起着重要的作用。第三至五章介绍中共对贵阳的社会建设。在政权建设方面,建立各级人民政权机关,重新划分贵阳的行政区域,响应全国的形势开展“抗美援朝”、“三反”、“五反”运动,巩固政权的同时保持党员干部的纯洁性。在经济建设方面,改造官僚资本企业,保护民族工商业,发展国营企业,整顿金融市场,确立人民币的唯一合法地位,稳定物价,以恢复和发展生产。在社会治理方面,为巩固新生的人民政权,稳定社会秩序,展开大规模剿匪;在调查研究的基础上制定新的民族政策,团结少数民族;整顿摊贩,救济失业工人,禁毒禁赌禁娼,取缔帮会与会道门,收容、安置和改造游民,建立良好的社会秩序;发展公共卫生事业,改善市民的医疗环境,预防传染病等。第六章为全文的总结。主要表达了三层意思:其一,接管贵阳是中共领导的中国革命的重要成果,继承了以往较为丰富的城市接管与政权建设的经验,如各按系统、自上而下、原封不动、完整的接管程序,“边接管边建设”的工作方针等。其二,接管与建设贵阳的过程中,表现出较为明显的时代背景和地域特色。与上海等沿海重要城市相比,接管贵阳前夕中共面临的接管环境发生变化;参与接管人员素质的参差不齐;对银元采取的“即禁并不兑换”;在诸如剿匪、制定民族政策等具体政策的制定与实施上更注重因地制宜,灵活运用。其三,接管与建设中存在的不足与失误。由于城市工作经验不足,部分工作人员在工作中“存在‘左’的情绪”,法律意识不强,法制观念淡薄,或受享乐主义影响,腐化思想萌芽,导致中共在接管与建设贵阳时有所失误。中共应该正确面对和处理这些失误,从中得到警示,汲取教训,为以后的城市建设提供可资之鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the premise of the war of liberation achieving a national victory, a series of big, medium and small cities into the scope of the CCP control, taking over and constructing cities are not only the important contents to consolidate the victory results of the revolution, but also the key issues to realize smoothly the shifts of the working focus and to construct State institutions. As the first provincial capital of the Southwest liberated by CCP, the issue on“The Takeover and Regime Construction of Guiyang by CCP”has rarely researched in the academic circle. It has been more emphasis on the narrative of the historical process of Guiyang liberation by CCP, ignoring that the purpose of the city’s liberation is to manage and construct. This paper, from the perspective of“takeover and regime construction”, studies the takeover and regime construction work of Guiyang by CCP between 1949 and 1952, breaking the old state institutions and establishing people regime and making a series of explorations and attempts in order to adapt to this new order; clarifies the basic historical context of the takeover and regime construction of Guiyang by CCP, working around city’s regime construction, economy construction and social reform to reproduce the whole history picture of reception and management of Guiyang by CCP in the early years of New China; pays attention to the role and specific responsibility of the Guiyang Military Control Committee; studies the policies the CCP makes that suit local circumstances and development in the process of constructing and remodeling Guiyang, especially for minority nationality concern and management.In addition to“introduction”and“epilogue”, the paper has six chapters. The first chapter describes the preparations the CCP makes for taking over Guiyang. The second chapter describes the historical process of takeover Guiyang by CCP, and points out that the Guiyang Military Control Committee plays an important role in ensuring the normal operation of the city and maintaining social order. The third to fifth chapters introduce the social construction of the CCP in Guiyang. In the regime construction, the CCP established people regime at all levels, redivided the administrative districts of Guiyang, and launched the Korean War and“three anti-campaign”,“five anti-campaign”response to the national situation to consolidate regime and maintain the purity of the party members. In the economy contruction, the CCP transformed bureaucrat capitalist enterprise, protected national industry and commerce, developed state enterprise, rectified financial market, established the only legal status of RMB, and stabilized prices to restore and develop production. In the social governance, in order to consolidate the new people regime and stabilize social order, the CCP implemented the large-scale movement of extermination banditti; drew up new ethnic policies on the basis of investigation to unite the ethnic minority; rectified mongers, relieved unemployed workers, forbid drugging, gambling and prostitutes, banned secret societies and superstitious sects, settled and reformed the homeless people, to establish good social order; developed public health service, improved public medical environment, and prevented infectious diseases, etc.The sixth chapter is the summary of full text, which expresses three meanings: Firstly, taking over Guiyang is an important achievement of revolution led by the CCP, and inherites past more rich experience of city takeover and regime construction, such as according to the system, top-down, intact, complete takeover program,“both taking over and building”, etc. Secondly, obvious background and regional characteristics are shown in the process of takeover and construction Guiyang. Compared with other important coastal cities for example Shanghai, the takeover environment faced by the CCP has changed on the eve of takeover Guiyang; The quality of the staff participating in takeover is low; the silver has been forbidden to circulate and not to be exchanged; It emphasizes suiting local circumstances and flexible use in the formulation and implementation of specific policies such as exterminating banditti and making national policy. Thirdly, there are some shortages and mistakes in the takeover and construction. Because of being short of the city working experience, part of the staff have left-leaning ideology at work and are short of law awareness and concept, or affected by the hedonism, corrupt thought bud, which make mistakes in the takeover and construction of Guiyang by CCP. The CCP should correctly face and deal with these mistakes, get a warning and draw lessons to provide useful lessons for the future urban construction.更多还原