【作者】 甘霖；

【导师】 汪光焘；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 北京绿隔是北京“分散集团式”布局的重要内容，也是调节和改善城市生态环境的重要绿地资源。北京绿隔的发展极其复杂且高度综合，绿隔的规划策略应是建立在综合协调基础上的一揽子措施，包括城市土地利用控制、城市设计、城乡统筹和城市生态等多种视角的考量。本文从城市生态的视角切入，面对北京日趋严重的城市热环境问题，探寻如何利用现有的、有限的绿隔绿地资源，充分发挥其对城市地表热环境效应的改善作用，并将制定面向地表热环境效应改善的北京绿隔规划策略作为本文关注的核心问题。综合考虑气象条件、影像分辨率和研究对时相的要求等因素，本文选择1992年9月7日、2001年8月31日和2008年8月2日的三期Landsat5TM影像作为本文研究的主要遥感数据源，以遥感技术和GIS空间分析作为主要技术手段，反演研究区域的地表温度，提取绿隔内绿地斑块信息。分析发现1990年代以来北京地表城市热岛的空间分布呈现出从北部地区向南部地区转移，从中心城中心地区向边缘集团和新城转移的特征，地表热环境总体趋于恶化，北京绿隔绿地景观格局演变及其地表热环境效应表明，绿隔对地表热环境具有显著改善作用。本文还通过建立绿隔内绿地斑块对内、对外降温效果的统计定量研究评价体系，发现NDVI、绿地斑块的面积、周长和形状指数是影响北京绿隔对内、对外降温效果的主要因素。这些结果在地面气象观测数据、绿隔统计数据和前人相关研究成果中得到较好的验证。基于上述结果，本文提出面向地表热环境效应改善的北京绿隔规划策略：通过提高绿隔的植被覆盖程度（NDVI）、增加绿地斑块的面积、周长、减小绿地斑块的形状指数等四项主要措施，实现对绿地斑块内外地表热环境效应的改善。由于这四项措施的使用高度依赖于尺度，必须根据小规模、中等规模和大规模绿地斑块的不同尺度实施分类指导。北京奥林匹克森林公园地块的绿地景观格局演变及其对应的地表热环境效应变化的遥感监测结果，为本文提出的规划策略提供了初步的验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Beijing’s Greenbelt is an important content of the “Scattered-Groups”layout strategy of Beijing. As a kind of green space, Beijing’s Greenbelt alsoplays an important role in improving urban ecological environment. Meanwhile,developing Beijing’s Greenbelt is extremely intricate and comprehensive, ofwhich the plan strategies should be a series of measures covering multiple fields.As urban thermal effect has been coming to be an increasingly serious problemto Beijing, this paper researches on how to make full use of existing and limitedGreenbelt to improve conditions, and highly focuses on Beijing’s Greenbelt planning strategies for the mitigation of urban surface thermal effect.In need of study, we chose three Landsat5TM images, respectivelyachieved on Sep7th,1992, Aug31st2001, and Aug2nd,2008. Via remotesensing and GIS analysis, we retrieved land surface temperatures inexperimental areas and extracted information of the green patches. We find thatsurface thermal effect of Beijing deteriorated rapidly after the1990s,characterized by redistribution of surface urban heat island from northern areato southern area and from central city to new towns. Greenbelt improves surfacethermal environment efficiently as indicated by surface thermal analysis atmultiple time and spatial scale. Through statistical analysis, we further find thatNDVI, area, perimeter and shape index are important dimensions affecting greenpatches’ cooling effect. These results are confirmed by meteorologicalobservation, greenbelt statistics and previous researches.Based on these results, we carried out our planning strategies to mitigatethe surface thermal effect by increasing the vegetation coverage, area, perimeterand reducing the shape index of green patches within Beijing’s greenbelt. Butthe implementations of those measures are highly depended on greenbelt’s scale.The case of the Olympic Forest Park had conducted a preliminary validation forthe planning strategies.更多还原