【作者】 欧建春；

【导师】 何学秋； 王恩元；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 煤与瓦斯突出是一种严重的矿井动力灾害。国内外学者对煤与瓦斯突出过程及机理进行了大量的研究，但是仍然不能满足对煤与瓦斯突出准确预测的要求。尤其是近年来，随着煤矿开采强度、深度的增加，突出问题变得更加严峻。煤与瓦斯突出演化过程及机理，仍然是一个亟待解决的问题。本文建立能模拟不同瓦斯压力、应力以及不同煤体条件下的煤与瓦斯突出实验系统，利用该系统开展大量的实验研究，结合理论分析和数值模拟研究煤体、地应力和瓦斯压力对突出的影响规律，确定突出的发生条件；实时监测分析突出过程中煤体裂隙及电磁辐射、声发射和电位信号的变化规律，揭示煤与瓦斯突出演化过程，并进行了现场验证。本文取得了以下主要研究成果：（1）研发了煤与瓦斯突出模拟实验系统，可模拟不同的载荷、瓦斯压力和煤体及不同诱导方式条件下的煤与瓦斯突出，能够实现突出模拟过程中煤体破裂演化的实时观测，载荷、瓦斯压力和温度的连续采集及电磁辐射、声发射和电位信号的实时监测。（2）通过大量系统的实验，研究了不同条件下的煤与瓦斯突出，结合理论分析和数值模拟研究了煤与瓦斯突出的发生规律，揭示了煤与瓦斯突出影响因素（煤体、应力和瓦斯压力）的耦合关系，确定了突出发生的条件。结果表明：突出临界瓦斯压力值与应力值呈线性负相关，应力越大，发生突出所需瓦斯压力越小；提出了临界瓦斯压力实验确定方法，研究并确定了九里山矿突出临界瓦斯压力值；揭示了硬煤突出的规律。（3）测试分析了突出演化过程中煤体的声电信号特征规律，揭示了突出过程声电信号变化规律；实时观测和分析了突出过程中煤体破裂演化过程，并研究了突出过程中裂纹分形维数的变化规律，揭示了煤与瓦斯突出演化过程。（4）通过实验测试、理论分析并结合数值模拟的方法，研究了煤体、地应力和瓦斯压力在突出过程中的时空演化特征及影响规律，提出了煤与瓦斯突出的时空耦合跃迁失稳机理。（5）现场实时监测并分析井下掘进工作面水力掏槽、放炮过程中的电磁辐射、声发射信号规律，结果表明，电磁辐射和声发射超前于瓦斯涌出，并能较好的反应巷道前方的突出危险性，验证了煤与瓦斯突出演化过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal and gas outburst is a serious dynamic disaster in mine. In order to controlcoal and gas outburst effectively, domestic and foreign scholars carried out a lot ofresearches on its process and mechanism, however, the understand of mechanism cannot meet the requirements of production. With the intensity and depth of coal miningincrease, problems of outburst become much more severe recent years. In order toreveal the catastrophic mechanism of coal and gas outburst, the paper developed anexperimental system that can simulate coal and gas outburst on different gas pressure,stress and coal conditions. And a mount of experiments were carried on to study theimpact of gas pressure, stress and coal on the outburst. This paper studied the law ofcoal fracture evolution during the process of outburst. It also analysis the law ofelectromagnetic radiation, acoustic emission and potential signal variation.Thecharacteristics of evolution and coupling law, gas pressure，ground stress and coalduring the process of outburst, are studied in this paper, which is verified in the field.The thesis obtained the following main research results.(1) Developed a new experimental system that can simulate coal and gas outburstof different loads, gas pressure, stress， coal conditions and so on. Real-timeobservation of the coal rupture evolution process using a high-speed video cameracould obtain the real-time datum of gas pressure, temperature，electromagneticradiation, acoustic emission and potential during the process of simulation foroutburst.(2) Using this experimental system, a large number of experiments were carriedout, and the coupling relationship among stress, gas and coal was established. Anexperimentally method to determine critical value of coal and gas outburst predictionwas put forward.The formula shows that critical stress of outburst was inverselyproportional to gas pressure. The greater the ground stress is, the smaller the gaspressure required for outburst is. The ability that the coal resistant to outburst isrelative, when the stress and gas as the driving force reach a certain value, hard coalcan also outburst.(3) Real-time observation of the coal and gas outburst process was obtained byusing a high-speed video camera. The law of fracture evolution of coal and itsfractures was studied during the process of evolution for outburst at qualitative andquantitative aspects. The results show that if the gas pressure is greater than0.75MPa, no fracture can be observed in coal and gas outburst process.(4) Multi research methods were used in studying the evolution characteristic andits vary regularities of impact factors during the outburst, such as experimentalmethod, theatrical analysis method and simulation method. An new mechanism ofoutburst named space-time couple unstable was put forward.(5) Analyzed the law of electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission signalsbefore and after blast. The results showed that electromagnetic radiation and acousticemission were ahead of gas emission, and it can reflect the outburst hazard in front ofroadway better.更多还原