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国家煤炭应急储备规模和布局研究

Study on National Coal Emergency Reserve Scale and Layout

【作者】 刘满芝

【导师】 周梅华;

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 , 管理科学与工程, 2012, 博士

【摘要】 国家煤炭应急储备作为保障煤炭供应安全的重要措施,其实践和理论尚处于起步阶段,许多方面亟需研究。本文运用经济学、管理学、波动理论、物理场论等理论和小波分析、场力模型、最优化方法、计量经济学等方法,构建煤炭应急储备理论框架,按照“从上至下、由总量到结构”的研究思路,研究了国家煤炭应急储备规模和国家煤炭应急储备布局问题,并针对国家煤炭应急储备决策提出相应建议。具体研究内容如下:对国家煤炭应急储备等概念进行界定,从煤炭生产、流通、消费的三个环节,寻找影响煤炭供应安全的危险源。借鉴应急管理、系统安全等理论,构建了由“危险源—不安全状态—应急储备决策—决策反作用于不安全状态”四阶段组成的煤炭应急储备理论框架。提出理论框架中应急储备决策的两个关键问题是储备规模和布局。构建包含确定性波动反映的煤炭需求量和不确定性波动反映的储备天数的国家煤炭应急储备基本模型,研究国家应急煤炭储备规模。针对确定性波动反映的煤炭需求量的研究,首先运用小波分析等方法,得出主周期为5-6年的煤炭需求波动规律结论,然后构建了以煤炭需求、波动规律与GDP为变量的状态空间模型,测算了确定性波动反映的煤炭需求量。针对不确定性波动反映的储备天数,从社会福利视角,运用成本收益分析方法,构建煤炭应急储备最优储备天数的测度模型,通过参数估计、数值模拟和敏感性分析,揭示了煤炭需求价格弹性和煤炭供应中断规模是影响最优储备天数的主要因素。在确定性波动反映的煤炭需求量和不确定性波动反映的储备天数研究的基础上,得出最优煤炭应急储备量为16天煤炭需求量,相当于当年度煤炭需求总量的4%-5%。在储备规模总量确定的条件下,以煤炭流动规律为基础确定应急需求点和备选储备点,构建煤炭应急储备选址模型,并进行实证研究。首先,依托GIS平台,构建并运用三阶段梯度判定体系,得出我国煤炭流动空间结构由“V”型源地、“T”型交地、“S”和倒“N”型汇地构成的结论;构建并运用煤炭资源场力模型,揭示出煤炭流动的主要驱动力是源地、汇地的煤炭产消差和距离。从而确定18个汇地省份的128个地级市为国家煤炭应急储备需求点,39个港口和重要铁路枢纽为备选储备点。其次,构建并运用以应急反应时间最短、应急反应总成本最小为目标,以储备规模总量,应急限制期、应急储备点双容量限制、多路径等为约束条件的煤炭应急储备选址的时间-成本多目标整数规划模型。利用应急需求点和备选储备点的实证数据,考虑不同的容量约束(1000万吨和800万吨)和不同的储备点总数(30个和25个储备点)等多种情景,求解出不同情景下的煤炭应急储备选址结果并进行对比分析,得出储备点总数≤25、容量上限1000情景下的选址结果为最佳选址方案。基于以上研究结论,从国家煤炭应急储备规模、煤炭应急储备的吞吐和轮换时机、煤炭应急储备布局等方面提出决策建议。该论文有图28幅,表格24张,参考文献200篇。

【Abstract】 Applying knowledge of economics, management science, wave theory andphysical field theory and also some relative methods such as wavelet analysis method,field force model, the optimization methods and econometrics etc., this paperconstruct a theory framework of coal emergency reserve. In accordance with the"from top to bottom, from gross to structure" research ideas, national coal emergencyreserve scale andlayout are explored, we then put forward some policyrecommendations for the national coal emergency reserve.We next buildthe national coal emergency reserve basic model (where the coaldemand reflected by deterministic fluctuations and reserve days reflected by uncertainvolatility) to research the national emergency coal reserves scale.Results wereobtained that the optimal emergency reserve is equal to16days coal demand, that is,4%-5%of the current year total coal demand.In the reserve scale gross affirmatory premise, taking coal flow rule intoconsideration, we determined the emergency needs point and alternative reservepoints.Targeting the shortest response time and minimum emergency response costsand considering the reserve scale, emergency restriction period, emergency reservedouble capacity limit, multi path etc. constraint condition, this paper build a coalemergency reserve multi objective integer programming model.Considering differentcapacity constraints (10million tons and800tons) and different total number ofreserve points (30and25reserve points) and other scenarios, we work out thelocation results under different scenarios. And then, we compare the results and selectthe best location plan: the total reserve point number less than or equal to25andcapacity less than or equal to1000.Based on the above research conclusion and the emergency organization theories,this paper put forward some policy recommendations to the national coal emergencyreserve scale, coal emergency reserve throughput and rotation time, coal emergencyreserve layout.

  • 【分类号】F426.21;F224
  • 【被引频次】5
  • 【下载频次】422
  • 攻读期成果
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