【作者】 张炜；

【导师】 张东升；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本论文以工作面开采过程中覆岩采动裂隙及其含水性与氡气浓度之间的相关性为主要研究对象，采用理论分析、计算机数值模拟、实验室物理模拟试验及现场实证等研究方法，对覆岩采动裂隙及其含水性的氡气地表探测机理进行了研究。本论文主要研究成果如下：（1）尝试将氡气的地球物理化学特性应用于采矿工程领域，首次将放射性测量方法引入到地下煤炭开采覆岩采动裂隙动态发育过程及其含水性方面的探测，进一步拓宽了氡气探测技术的应用领域。（2）首次建立了更加符合采矿实际地质情况的地下多层均匀多孔介质中氡气运移数理模型，对地下多层均匀多孔介质中氡气运移规律进行了分析。同时，进一步建立了异常气象条件下地下多层均匀多孔介质中氡气运移数理模型，对异常气象条件下地下多层均匀多孔介质中氡气运移规律进行了分析。（3）使用大型三维实体模型设计软件Pro/Engineer Wildfire4.0设计并研制出了国内首个覆岩采动裂隙及其含水性的氡气地表探测综合试验系统。该综合试验系统主要由可调节二维/三维物理模拟试验台架、氡气输出装置和KJD-2000R连续测氡仪等几大部件组成，具有拆装简便，物理模型铺设方便，在同一物理模拟试验台架上可快速实现二维或三维物理模拟试验等优点，克服了传统探测方法物理模拟试验系统复杂和笨重的缺点。（4）物理模拟试验结果表明，工作面超前影响范围内的采动裂隙能够给氡气提供良好的运移通道，氡气浓度变化趋势较为明显，氡气对覆岩层内的采动裂隙反应较为敏感，能够及时地反映采动裂隙的动态发育状态，二者之间具有较好的相关性。同时，含水层对氡气在覆岩层中运移影响十分明显，氡气在运移过程中能够以一定的饱和度溶解于含水层中，在溶解到达饱和后，能够沿着覆岩层中的采动裂隙继续向上运移至地表。（5）浅埋与深埋两种不同地质条件下氡气地表探测现场实证结果表明，工作面开采过程中对应地表的采动裂缝动态发育状况与氡气浓度变化特征之间具有较好的相关性，进一步验证了氡气地表探测的可行性。提出了氡气异常系数的概念，并以此作为工作面开采过程中覆岩层中基本顶破断氡气地表探测预测指标，初步确定了可以判断基本顶发生破断的氡气异常系数临界值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The correlation between mining-induced fractures and its aquosity in overlyingstrata and radon concentration had been as main research object, and the method oftheoretical analysis, computer numerical simulation, laboratory physical simulationtest and field demonstration had been adopted to study the mechanism of detectingmining-induced fractures and its aquosity in overlying strata by radon on surface inthis paper.Main achievements of this dissertation have been displayed as follows:(1) We attempted to apply geophysical and chemical properties of radon to thefield of mining engineering, and firstly introduce the radioactive measurement methodto detect the dynamic evolution characteristics of mining-induced fractures and itsaquosity in overlying strata during underground coal mining, which had furtherbroadened the application fields of radon detection technology.(2) Mathematical model of radon migration in underground multilayer uniformporous media according with actual mining geological conditions had been firstly setup, and the migration law of radon in underground multilayer uniform porous mediahad been analyzed. At the same time, the mathematical model of radon migration inunderground multilayer uniform porous media with abnormal meteorologicalconditions had been further built, and the migration law of radon in undergroundmultilayer uniform porous media with abnormal meteorological conditions had beenanalyzed.(3) Based on the3D solid model design software Pro/Engineer Wildfire4.0, acomprehensive test system for detecting mining-induced fractures and its aquosity inoverlying strata by radon on surface had been firstly developed in China. Thiscomprehensive test system is mainly composed of adjustable2D/3D physicalsimulation test-bed frame, radon output device and KJD-2000R continuousemanometers and so on, which has the advantages of installation-dismantlementfacility, physical model laying convenience and achieving rapidly2D/3D physicalsimulation experiment, and overcomes the complexity and heavy shortcomings ofphysical simulation test systems for traditional detection methods.(4) Physical simulation experiment results show that the mining-inducedfractures in the advance influence scope of coalface can provide favourable migrationchannels for radon, and the change tendency of radon concentration is obvious, radon is very sensitive to the mining-induced fractures in overlying strata, it can timelyreflect the dynamic development state of mining-induced fractures, which has a goodcorrelation between mining-induced fractures and radon. Meanwhile, radon migrationin overlying strata will be obviously affected by aquifer, and it can dissolve in theaquifer with certain degree of saturation during migration process. When thedissolved process reaches maximum status, radon can continue to migrate to thesurface along the mining-induced fractures in overlying strata.(5) Field demonstration results of radon detection on surface in differentgeological conditions with shallow and deep buried show that there is a goodcorrelation between dynamic development status of mining-induced cracks on surfaceand radon concentration change features in the process of coalface mining, which hadfurther validated the feasibility of radon detection on surface. Then, the abnormalcoefficient concept of radon had been put forward, and used as the forecast index formain roof breakage in overlying strata by radon detection on surface during coalfacemining process. At last, the critical value of abnormal coefficient for judging mainroof breakage had been preliminarily determined.更多还原