【作者】 宫良伟；

【导师】 林在康；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 在煤矿通风管理中，不仅要了解通风系统的通风现状，还要预测通风系统的变化给通风系统带来的影响。为了达到这一要求，需要一款完善的通风仿真系统作为辅助工具。本文介绍了通风仿真系统的研究及其相关理论。通风仿真系统的开发方式一般有三种：一是在AutoCAD的基础上进行二次开发，把通风仿真系统的功能嵌入AutoCAD，利用AutoCAD自身的绘图功能绘制通风图件；二是从底层开发，独立于其他绘图软件，其开发既要实现通风仿真系统的功能，还要实现绘图功能；三是基于GIS软件的二次开发。本次仿真系统的开发采用的是第三种方式：即利用现有GIS软件的二次开发能力进行开发。只是选择的GIS软件是AutoCAD Map3D。AutoCAD Map3D是在AutoCAD的基础上做的GIS软件，它具有AutoCAD的全部功能并与AutoCAD完全兼容。事实上，AutoCAD Map3D的二次开发需要AutoCAD的开发接口，也就是对AutoCAD Map3D进行二次开发要熟悉AutoCAD的二次开发功能。求通风网络的生成树和最小生成树是通风网络开发的一个关键技术。求最小生成树的常用算法是普里姆（Prim）算法和克鲁斯卡尔（Kruskal）算法。在以往的算法实现中，克鲁斯卡尔（Kruskal）算法难度较大。本论文利用并查集实现了克鲁斯卡尔（Kruskal）算法，减少了算法的空间复杂度和时间复杂度。在通风仿真系统中，自然通风的数学处理一直是通风解算的难题。本文利用基本回路矩阵C和网络分支的位能差向量HN建立了基本回路的自然风压计算模型，并给出了一下定理：通风网络的基本回路矩阵C与位能差向量HN的乘积是基本回路的自然风压向量。通风网络解算的常用方法为Newton-Raphson法、Scott-Hinsley法。这两种算法收敛半径小。在通风仿真解算中常出现不收敛现象。为解决这一问题，本文提出来利用同伦算法解决通风网络解算问题。通风网络解算风量初值的确定也是困扰通风仿真软件的一个难题。本文提出了利用独立通路矩阵计算风量初值的方法，解决了风量初值自动计算问题。在通风网络仿真模拟中，主通风机个体特性曲线的确定至关重要。本文对主通风机特性曲线拟合及其求解算法进行了研究。在通风技术管理中，需要知道通风系统中每一处风流的能量。为了解决这个问题，目前使用以下工具：（1）通风系统风流能量（压力）坡度图，（2）通风网络相对压能图，（3）通风网络相对等熵静压图。这三个工具有共同的缺陷：阻力测定工作量大；手工计算，计算工作量大；人工绘制，绘图工作量大；使用不方便、不直观，与通风系统图结合困难；不能确定任意点位的风流能量；无法知道大气压力对井下风流能量的影响。为此本文提出了通风系统风位图的概念，并给出了求风位的方法和其在计算机上的实现方法。矿井的需风量计算也是通风仿真系统必不可少的功能，本文也详细介绍了矿井需风量计算方法和最新的理论。最后，本文以皖北煤电集团钱营孜煤矿为例介绍了通风仿真系统的实际应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the ventilation management of coal mine, not only the current situation ofsystem ventilation is understood, but also the impact on the ventilation system forventilation system changes is predicted. To achieve the requirement, a perfectventilation simulation system is needed as an auxiliary tool. This paper introduces theventilation simulation system research and its related theory.Generally there are three development modes of ventilation simulation system:one is based on AutoCAD re-development. In this mode, Functions of the ventilationsimulation system is embedded in AutoCAD and the ventilation map is drawn byusing AutoCAD’s own drawing function. The Second start from infrastructuredevelopment and independent of other graphics software. Its development isnecessary to realize functions of the ventilation simulation system, but also thedrawing function. The third is based on the GIS’s re-development. The third mode isused in the development of ventilation simulation system, namely the use of GIS’sre-development. But the selection of GIS software is AutoCAD Map3D. AutoCADMap3D is a piece of GIS software and developed based on AutoCAD. It has all of thefunctions of AutoCAD and is fully compatible with AutoCAD. In fact,re-development of AutoCAD Map3D needs re-development interface of AutoCAD,that is, re-development of AutoCAD Map3D need to be familiar with AutoCAD’sre-development function.It is one of the key technologies of ventilation simulation system development,which finds spanning trees and minimum spanning trees of ventilation network.Commonly used algorithms of minimum spanning tree are Prim algorithm and Kruskalalgorithm. Kruskal algorithm is difficult to realize of the last two algorithms. Thispaper use Disjoint Sets realize Kruskal （Kruskal） algorithm. The algorithm reducedthe space complexity and time complexity. Disjoint Sets is used to represent a set ofdynamic sets. Its mathematical model isS={s₁, s₂,L,s_i,L,sn},s_i is a set ofelements.In mine ventilation simulation system, the mathematical treatment of naturalventilation has been a difficult problem of ventilation calculation. In this paper, byusing basic circuit matrix C and potential drop vector HNof network branches, thebasic circuit natural wind pressure calculation model is established and a theoremgiven: the product of ventilation network basic circuit matrix C and potential drop vector HNis natural wind pressure vector of the basic circuit.Commonly used algorithms of Ventilation network calculation areNewton-Raphson and Scott-Hinsley. Convergence radiuses of last two algorithms arevery small. Ventilation simulation solution often does not converge. In order to solvethis problem, this paper proposes using homotopy algorithm to solve the problem ofventilation network solution.The initial value of ventilation network solution is also a difficult problem ofventilation simulation software. This paper proposes the method of solving the initialair quantity by using independent path matrix, and solves the automaticallycalculation problem of the initial value of air quantity.In the ventilation network simulation, the main fan individual characteristiccurve is very important. In this paper the main fan characteristic curve fitting and itsalgorithm are also studied.The management of ventilation technology needs to know air energy of anyplace in the mine. In order to solve this problem, there are the following tools:（1）ventilation system air energy （pressure） slope map,（2） ventilation network relativepressure diagram,（3） ventilation network relative entropy static pressure diagram.These three tools are of common pitfalls: heavy workload of determination ofresistance, manual calculation and artificial drawing; inconvenient and intuitive foruse; underdetermination of air energy of any place and so on. In this paper, theconcept of ventilation system air-level map is produced, and we give a method forcalculating air-level and its computer realization method.Finally, taking Qianyingzi mine, Wanbei coal-electricity Group Company as anexample, the paper introduces the application of the ventilation simulation system.更多还原