自由与必然性—奥登的诗体实验

【作者】 赵元；

【导师】 傅浩；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 如何认识奥登的诗体实验关系到诗人整个的诗观乃至世界观。在奥登那轻松自如得以至于被人认为轻浮的形式实验背后隐藏着的是奥登对于他所处的世界和人生问题的极其严肃的思考。在奥登的诗歌里，纯熟精湛的技巧手段并非纯粹为了展现诗艺，而是诗歌意义的一个重要组成部分。奥登的诗体实验贯穿了他创作生涯的始终，从模仿近现代诗人的自度曲到艾略特式的自由诗，再到形形色色的传统诗体，最后是将音节诗体改造成得心应手的理想形式。他的每一个转折点都是自觉的。奥登诗体实验的整个历程反映了他思想的不断成熟和诗艺的不断进步，而且这两者是密切相关的。我的论文首先力求全面、准确而清晰地论述奥登有关自由与必然性辩证关系的看法，这是奥登的意识形态和诗观中的核心思想。论述所选取的材料不少是前辈学者尚未运用过的，分析奥登的诗观与他对自由与必然性关系的看法的联系时所采用的视角也是比较新的。随后，我对奥登诗体实验的发展轨迹进行系统的论述，其中对奥登晚年音节诗实验的分析和论断就目前的相关研究看来，应该是比较合理的。此外，我还顺带纠正了别的学者著作中的一些错误。我主要以奥登本人的相关言论作为论据，以现代诗歌理论中与奥登的诗观暗合的部分作为理论支持，以具体的诗歌细读作为例证，并辅以大量的传记材料和时代背景材料，通过条分缕析、有理有据的论述，得出如下结论：奥登的诗体实验显示了他对自由与必然性辩证关系的深切关注与考量，同时，一首诗的形式与内容的互动关系恰好有助于奥登充分表达他对于自由与必然性辨证关系这一核心思想的理解。更多还原

【Abstract】 The way in which one sees Auden’s various experiments with verseforms betrays one’s understanding or misunderstanding of his poeticsand even his world view. Behind the light–to the extent of having beenregarded as trivial or frivolous by many critics–forms that Auden usedand experimented is his serious thinking about the problems of life andthe world of which he is a part. In Auden’s poetry, technical means arenot only a manifestation of his great virtuosity, but an essential part ofthe overall poetic meaning. Auden’s experiments with verse forms spanhis entire career, which began by imitating the personalized forms ofseveral modern poets, followed by Eliotic free verse and many andvarious traditional forms, and, lastly, syllabic verse, which Audenadapted well to his purposes. Always conscious of what he was doing,Auden made each major change in his formal experiments a signal ofhis ever maturing ideology as well as his ever reassuring craftsmanship.My dissertation aims, first of all, at a comprehensive and clearpresentation of Auden’s views on the dialectical relationship betweenfreedom and necessity, which, in my opinion, is the core of Auden’sideology and poetics. Some of the material in my presentation has neverbeen used by critics, and the way I see Auden’s poetic theory inconnection with his ideas of freedom and necessity is new. Next, Iattempt to map the trajectory of Auden’s experiments with verse formsand relate it to his concerns about freedom and necessity. Myclassification of Auden’s syllabic verse and my analysis of its metricalproperties are, I hope, more satisfactory than what existent studieshave offered. Besides, I have corrected a few errors made by Audenscholars along the way.Supported chiefly by Auden’s own writing and secondarily bycontemporary poetic theory, combining theoretical argumentation withclose reading of poems, and further enriched by plentiful biographical material, I arrive at the conclusion that Auden’s experiments with verseforms reveal the depth of his concerns about the relation betweenfreedom and necessity and that the interaction between form andcontent in his poems contributes significantly to conveying hisunderstanding of the complex relation between freedom and necessity.更多还原