【作者】 黄斌；

【导师】 吕斌；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 人文地理学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 文化创意产业空间集聚及其影响机制是近年来的研究热点，以经济学的新增长理论、地理学的新产业区理论和新经济地理学理论以及政治经济学和社会学的空间生产、后现代城市主义等理论为指导的相关学科都文化创意产业空间进行了大量的研究，并从规模收益递增、弹性专精分工、社会网络、路径依赖、知识外溢、资本积累、解码编码、消费社会等多方面论述了文化创意产业的空间集聚、发展机制与深刻广泛的影响。北京市自“十一五”以来发展文化创意产业，迄今已成为我国文化创意产业全球网络的重要节点，文化创意产业也成为北京的支柱性和引领性产业，并对城市空间产生了巨大影响。本文基于这一背景对北京市文化创意产业的空间演化规律及其影响机制进行研究。本文首先在梳理国内外文化创意产业和空间研究的基础上，整合构建文化创意产业组织演化和空间演化相互作用的理论框架，认为产业集群将决定空间集聚。产业集群的形成需要外部条件（城市利便性、相关产业基础）和内部条件（尤其是创新网络）的共同作用，形成后会进一步通过弹性专精的分工方式形成发展的路径依赖，并向规模经济和范围经济发展，最终进而增强、分化或创造性毁灭产业集群。在空间上则表现为增强集聚、蛙跳发展或分散化集中等多种空间集聚形式，空间集聚的不断自我增强最终将形成创意城市。基于这一理论框架，本文系统梳理了北京市文化创意产业发展的内外部条件（包括政策条件），及其在此影响下的产业发展特征和空间分布特征，发现北京市文化创意产业已经形成了较为完善的文化创意产业促进政策和相关支撑产业体系，并拥有创意阶层、科教水平、研发投入等众多内生优势条件，突出呈现出文化创意与科技融合发展、大型企事业单位和众多中小企业初步形成生产者网络的发展特征。在空间分布上呈现出资源依托、圈层分布、北高南低、西密东疏的特征，其中文化艺术业主要分布于内城，设计服务业、广告会展、新闻出版和广播、电视、电影业分布于三环—四环沿线，软件、网络和计算机产业主要在四环以外，相关辅助性产业（如印刷、文化用品制造等）则位于远郊区县，西侧偏重于高技术类文化创意产业，东侧偏重于艺术传媒类文化创意产业。在这一分析的基础上，本文通过投入产出关系研究了2002、2005、2007和2010四年北京市文创意产业三主导产业（信息传输、计算机服务和软件业，科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业，文化、体育和娱乐业）的消耗系数和分配系数，并基于产业相关性系数矩阵，通过因子分析法识别了文化创意产业集群，明确了四年间北京市文化创意三主导产业在北京市产业网络中演化特征。研究发现北京市文化创意产业向专业化发展态势明显，产业自我关联，自我增长的趋势增强，其中信息传输、计算机服务和软件业（含软件、网络和计算机服务业）主要和信息设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业等形成高科技产业集群；综合技术服务业（含设计服务业）主要和研究与试验发展、建筑业和相关制造业形成产业集群；文化、体育和娱乐业（含新闻出版业、广播、电视、电影业、文化艺术业等）与主要的服务业部门形成产业集群，文化创意三主导产业集群间主要通过租赁和商务服务业等进行联系。在产业网络演化的驱动下，北京市文化创意产业空间演化也表现出自我集聚增强的特征，以在原地增加密度和小幅周边拓展为主，基于就业的空间基尼系数小幅上升；信息传输、计算机服务和软件业与综合技术服务业空间相关性增强，并与文化、体育和娱乐业的空间分布开始分异；三产业均与租赁和商务服务业及相关服务业空间有一定程度的相关性，但与租赁和商务服务业，以及北京市的总就业空间、第三产业就业空间相关性有所下降，从空间上也印证了文化创意产业的专业化发展的趋势。随后本文选取了13个文化创意产业发展的影响因素，以北京市16区县为分析对象，运用2006-2010年的面板数据进行回归分析，并结合典型文化创意产业地区的案例研究，探讨了文化创意产业空间区位选择和演化发展的影响因素。数据分析发现公共图书馆总流通人次（可表示知识创造、交流和外溢，以及政府公共财政支出对于文化设施的支持水平）是影响文化创意产业最重要的正向指标，其他重要的影响因素还包括除文化创意产业以外的第三产业增加值等；案例研究还进一步证明了偶然性、核心人物（和产业）的社会网络（生产性网络）在产业集群的形成中发挥了巨大的作用，而政府主导的文化创意产业集聚区政策对于产业的空间集中和发展并没有发挥预期的作用。文章最后对北京市文化创意产业空间演化规律进行了理论回归，认为北京案例符合产业与空间相互影响演化的理论模型，并简要建议了北京市文化创意产业空间政策的调整方向和和进一步的研究方向，以期对北京和国内其他城市打造创意城市、培育文化创意产业集群和园区提供空间发展和管治的指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spatial concentration of cultural and creative industries and its impact mechanisms is aresearch hotspot in recent years. The new growth theory in economics, the new industrial districtstheory in geography, the production of space, post-modern urbanism theory of new economicgeography theory and political economics and sociology, have made a lot of research on the spaceof cultural and creative industries. And discuss spatial concentration of cultural and creativeindustries, development mechanism and profound and widespread impact on various areas such as:increasing returns to scale, flexible specialization division of labor, social networking, pathdependence, knowledge spillovers, capital accumulation, decoding, encoding and consumersociety.Beijing has developed cultural and creative industries since the "Eleventh Five-Year". It hasbecome an important node of the global network of cultural and creative industries. Cultural andcreative industry has become a pillar and leading industry in Beijing, and has had a tremendousimpact on urban space. Based on this background, this paper studies the evolution of the space ofthe cultural and creative industries in Beijing and its impact mechanisms.Based on the studies on domestic and international cultural and creative industries and spaceresearch, the paper integrates the theoretical framework of the interaction of microstructureevolution and spatial evolution. The paper presents the idea that industry cluster will determine thespatial concentration. Industry cluster formation requires external conditions (convenience of thecity and the related industrial base) and internal conditions (especially the innovation network).After the formation of industry cluster, it will form the path of dependence through elasticspecialized division of labor, and then moving towards economies of scale and scope of economicdevelopment. Ultimately will further enhance differentiate, or creatively destruct industrialclusters. In space, it shows a variety of forms of spatial concentration such as enhanced gathering,leapfrog development or decentralized concentration. Spatial agglomeration of constantlyself-reinforcing will eventually form a creative city.Based on this theoretical framework, this paper systematically combined the internal andexternal conditions (Including policy conditions) of Beijing to develop cultural and creative industries, industrial development characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics under itsinfluence. The paper finds that Beijing has formed a more perfect promote policy and supportindustrial systems to develop cultural and creative industries. And Beijing has many endogenousadvantages such as creative class, education level, R&D investment. It shows the developmentcharacteristics such as the integration of cultural and creative development and technology, andthe initial formation of producer networks in large enterprises and many small and mediumenterprises. It shows the special feature of resources relying, layer distribution, advanced in northand less advanced in south, higher density in west and lower density in east. Among which Cultureand art tends to be distributed in the inner city, while design services, advertising, exhibition, press,publishing, radio and television film industry locate in the third–fourth Ring Road; and software,network and computer industries tends to locate outside the Fourth Ring. Ancillary industries(such as printing, stationery, manufacturing, et al.), is located in the outer suburbs. West side of thecity emphasizes on cultural and creative industries in the technology sector, while east sideemphasizes on the creative industries in art media.On the basis of this analysis, the paper studies on the consumption coefficient and partitioncoefficient of the three major cultural and creative industries(including Information Transmission,Computer Services and Software Industry, Scientific Research, Technical Services and GeologicalProspecting Industry, and Culture, Sports and Entertainment Industry) in the year of2002、2005、2007and2010by the input-output relationship. And based on industry correlation coefficientmatrix, identify the cultural and creative industries cluster by factor analysis, then makes sure ofevolution characteristics of cultural and creative industries in the industrial network in Beijing.The study finds that cultural and creative industries in Beijing are obvious to the professionaldevelopment trend, self-association and self-growth trend of industry has increased. Amongwhich the high-tech industrial clusters are formed by information transmission, computerservices and software industry (Including software, network and computer services) andinformation equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing; integratedtechnical services (Including design of services), and Comprehensive technical services (includingdesign services) forms industrial clusters with research and experimental development,construction and related manufacturing. Culture, sports and entertainment (including the news andpublishing, radio and television film industry, culture and arts) forms industrial clusters with themajor service sectors. The three leading industry clusters in cultural and creative industries contacteach other mainly through leasing and business services.Driven by the evolution in industrial networks, the spatial evolution of cultural and creativeindustries in Beijing has shown an enhanced Self–gathering. It mainly increases the density at thesame place and does small peripheral expansion. Based on slightly growth of Special Ginicoefficient of employment, the special correlation of information transmission, computer services, software industry and integrated technical services has enhanced. And it begins to differ from thespecial distribution of culture, sports and entertainment space. All the three industries of culturaland creative industries has a certain degree of correlation with the leasing and business servicesand related services space, and distribution space begin to differentiate in culture, sports andentertainment. All the three industries of cultural and creative industries have a certain degree ofcorrelation with the space of leasing and business services and related services. However thedegree of correlation with Beijing’s total employment space as well as Beijing’s tertiary industryemployment space has declined. And it also confirms the trend of the professional development ofthe cultural and creative industries from space.Subsequently the paper selects13factors affecting the development of cultural and creativeindustries. The paper takes13districts and counties of Beijing as analyzing object, uses the paneldata of2006-2010to make a regression analysis, and it combines the case studies of typicalcultural and creative industries areas to the influencing factors of the spatial selection of culturaland creative industries and its development. Data analysis shows that the public librarycirculation(which shows knowledge creation, exchange and spillover, and the level of support ofthe Government’s public finance spending for cultural facilities) is a most important positiveindicator of the cultural and creative industries, other important factors includes the add-valued ofthe servers industries except cultural and creative industries. The case study further shows thehuge role such as contingency, central figure (and industrial) and social networks (Productivenetwork) have played in the formation of Industrial clustering. However cultural and creativeindustries concentrated area policy dominated by the government has not played anticipated rolein the concentration and development of industrial space.Finally, the paper concludes some theories on the space evolution of Beijing cultural andcreative industries. The paper finds that the Beijing case conforms with the mutual influence ofindustry and space, and briefly suggested the adjusting direction and further research direction ofBeijing cultural and creative industries. It hopes to give some guidance to Beijing and other citiesto build creative cities and cultivate the cultural and creative industries clusters and park on spacedevelopment and regulation.更多还原