【作者】 杨涛；

【导师】 杨昌鸣；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑历史及其理论， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 建筑是时代的载体,具有民族性,中国人不是西方人,中国人的建筑不该、更不可能西方化。民族的本性与中国近现代以来的社会变化,特别是改革开放以来的巨大成就,要借助中国现代建筑得以体现:借助中国传统可以,但必须现代化;借助西方建筑也可行,但必须中国化。当代中国建筑缺失的是近现代以来一直没有探索到的,可以指引中国建筑在正确发展方向上前进的“新风格”。借鉴西方建筑的成功经验以解决中国建筑健康发展的问题,是本文写作的根本动机,探寻建筑形态演进的真正动因是本文写作的目标。建筑形态演进追随科学技术进步的规律是建筑风格追随时代的理论、实践印证,这值得我们反思150年中国近现代建筑实践中存在的问题——片面重视形式问题,这一状况导致我们难以很好地做到建筑的技术与艺术的完美统一,难以统筹兼顾的把握建筑所涉及到的政治、经济、文化、传统等诸多因素。在历史长河中,科学技术、建筑技术的发展与建筑形态的演进关系密切。本文以科学技术的发展为主干,以建筑技术、建筑形态为枝叶,构筑了一幅建筑形态在科学技术的影响下,不断演进的美妙画卷。古代科技处于手工业时期,经济和社会发展速度相对缓慢,人们的需求相对稳定,因而科技发展缓慢,建筑技术革新力度不大,建筑形态相对稳定。近代科学依靠科学实验来检验和发展科学理论,科学与技术逐步走向密切结合实现了两次技术革命。西方近代建筑借助新材料、新技术与新形式的应用,最终成功地完成了对砖石结构体系的古典建筑的革命。十九世纪末至二十世纪,依靠自然科学的最新成就,一大批新兴技术不断涌现。科学与技术的一体化趋势,使西方建筑迅速摆脱了旧技术的限制,探索着更新的材料和结构,特别是钢和钢筋混凝土的广泛采用,促使在建筑形式上开始摒弃了古典建筑的“永恒”范例,掀起了创新运动——现代建筑完成了对近代建筑的批判,并使建筑形态得以升华。当代,计算机参数化技术帮助建筑师设计和控制更高级、更复杂的几何形体。计算机已不再是简单的绘图工具,而是从最初的直觉行为转成由系统理论指导的理性应用,带给建筑更多形式上的可能性。借助计算机技术,当代建筑实现了形态由量变到质变的“大爆发”。几千年的建筑实践表明,传统中国虽没有出现类似西方的完备的建筑学科与建筑体系,却不能否认中国传统建筑具有自己独到的建筑定位,即以实用为主旨的中国传统建筑“器物论”。近代西学东渐以来,由于科学精神的缺失,在西方Architecture的冲击下,中国建筑失去了理性的判断力,盲目地接受西方Architecture的理念并把它当成中国建筑的发展方向。中国建筑发展应回归以人为本,风格当随时代。研究发现,西方建筑的发展演进中隐含着一条科学技术进步影响、制约建筑形态的内在规律,其建筑形态的演进追随着科学技术的发展自然而然发生的。反观中国近现代以来建筑形态的发展,却主要走在模仿与追随的道路上,“固化”了中国建筑的风格。“风格”是果,不是因。中国现代建筑的“新风格”的真正来源是我们对当代中国人的建筑要求与中国当代状况的全面的、正确的研究与把握——既要做到以现代中国人为本,又要做到风格追随时代要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Architecture Architecture is the window of time and the advancement of the country. Because of the nationality of architecture, Chinese architecture should not be western. Chinese modern architecture should show the Chinese nationality and the changes of Chinese modern society, especially the great success since the reform and opening-up policy. Chinese modern architecture can draw support form Chinese tradition but must be modern, and with the help of western but must be Chinese. Now the Chinese architecture is in want of the new style which can lead Chinese architecture to the correct direction.The cause of this essay is to draw lessons from the successful experiences of western architecture to solve the question in the health development of Chinese architecture. The main target of this essay is to find the true agent in the evolution of western architecture form. The architecture forms follow the progress of science technology is the theory and practice proof for styles should follow times in western architecture. We must turn over to think of the problem, which exists in the process of researching Chinese modern architecture in 150 years, technology and art not unified.In western history, the relationship between the development of science technology and construction technology and the evolution of architectural forms is closed. This paper mainly with the development of science and technology, and its branches in architectural technology and architectural form, constructs a wonderful picture scroll which shows the continuous evolution process of architecture form under the influence of science and technology.In Handicraft period, the ancient economic and social development has a relatively slow rate, and the demands of people were relatively stable, thus technology development is slow, construction technology innovation strength is not big. Architecture form was relatively stable.Modern science relys on science experiments to test and develop scientific theory, and realized twice technology revolution. The western modern buildings have drawn supports from new materials and new technology, finally successfully completed revolution in the brick-stone system of classical architecture.At the end of the 19th century to the twentieth century, various branches of science and technology have been continuous disunited. The western architect quickly got away from the limite of old technology by integrated technology with science, and researched the updated materials and structures.The architecture form abandoned the "eternal" paradigm of classical architecture, and stirred up a innovation movement, thus the architecture form should be sublimated into new level.In the present age, computer parametric technology helps architect to design and control more advanced and complex geometric shapes. Computer is no longer simple drawing tools, but the rational application guided by the system theory, brings more possibility in building forms. With the help of computer, the contemporary western architecture realized the form eruption from quantity to quality.The course of Chinese architecture shows us Chinese tradition architecture has unique orientation namely“utility”, although it hasn’t self-contained architecture science and architecture system. Because of the scarcity of architecture spirit and the impact of western architecture, Chinese architecture has losed rational sense. The Chinese architecture sightless accept the concept of western architecture and regard it as the develop direction.Subsequent research direction—The two rules, architecture should take people as the foremost, and styles should follow times, tell us a common sense that style is result not cause. Chinese contemporary architecture must study the true demands of contemporary Chinese and society, and think of how to accomplish people-oriented and style following times.更多还原