【作者】 许熙巍；

【导师】 曾坚；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 城市是人类现代文明之集大成者；城市规划是研究城市的科学,是对城市未来的发展作出预测,通过对城市已建或待建区土地资源进行分配的手段,满足城市经济、社会、生态建设所必需的空间配置要求。随着近几十年城市的生存环境被各种污染、资源枯竭、生态失衡等危机逐步侵蚀,城市规划同其他学科一道,试图为城市生态系统恢复健康开拓蹊径,指明正确的方向。人们在探索中逐渐认识到城市文明要保持可持续的进步与发展,必须建立在生态安全的保障之上,而安全的生存空间是这个安全体系的一个重要基础。城市中心城区用地规模虽然在市域总用地中所占比例小,但它是市域范围内土地利用强度最大、集约度最高、经济社会效益最强的人工斑块,其生态安全状态优劣必然会对整体生态环境产生重大影响。城市中心城区建设用地的布局及开发利用是城市规划的核心内容之一,它对于生态安全目标能否最终得到物质载体的依托具有决定性作用。本文立足于通过对两者之间关系的辨析,探索如何将土地学、资源学、地理学、生态学等领域生态安全的研究成果,与城市规划中的中心城区用地规划相结合,在量化形式的生态安全指标与图示化的用地空间配置之间架起互通的桥梁,使这些跨领域的研究成果能够在城市实际的开发建设活动中发挥直接作用,通过城市资源配置的手段使城市生态安全状况能得到有效改善；在多学科的结合过程中,建构起“定量一定位”双平衡的城市用地生态安全、防灾减灾开发利用的规划方法论与技术框架,以引导适合当前城市生态安全状态下城市用地空间布局的优化。文章从了解生态安全的定义、工作内容及其国内外的理论与实践发展入手,在认识论的层面去解析城市用地与生态安全的关系,在方法论的层面去建构城市生态安全的目标体系和评价方法,从技术手段层面以天津城市中心城区用地为例,提出城市中心城区用地数量结构和空间布局相整合,并具有可操作性的优化建议。同时还提出有针对性的适合天津中心城区人居环境建设的城市用地生态安全评价因子、指标权重、因子指标与城市用地的关联度等内容,希望能有益于天津市中心城区用地的生态安全适应性优化,并对其他城市的用地生态安全优化在技术方法、实施策略等方面产生一定的借鉴作用。论文共分为六章进行论述。第一章主要介绍研究的选题背景、研究的目的和意义,对国内外关于城市土地利用和生态安全的研究动态进行综述,明确研究范围和研究方法,阐述研究的内容与研究框架。第二章集中对城市生态安全的概念缘起、定义、基本理论、生态城市的建设实践以及我国目前面临的生态安全问题进行总结和归纳。第三章将城市土地利用与生态安全作为两个研究单体,从城市用地和生态安全之间的效应、用地变化中的生态安全互动情况等角度,对城市土地利用与生态安全之间的关系进行辨析,阐述了城市土地利用与生态安全之间相互影响,又互为制约的博弈关系。第四章以天津市中心城区为例,在借鉴国内外生态城市、可持续发展城市的经验、理念和措施,以及对天津中心城区整体生态安全状态分析的基础上,探讨了城区用地生态安全的相关因子以及由这些因子整合建立的目标体系,提出了中心城区用地与生态安全目标体系的工作技术框架。第五章结合已有的相关研究,提出了天津市中心城区土地利用生态安全评价(land use eco-security evaluation,LUESE),并在此基础上探讨用地规划与生态安全因子之间的关联关系,针对这一关联关系对天津市中心城区的用地现状进行数量结构的优化建议,即定量平衡的优化建议；再运用空间句法模拟城市中对生态安全关联度较高的几大类功能用地在城市用地中不同空间布局对城市生态安全的影响,即定性平衡的优化建议。最后就城市土地生态安全、防灾减灾开发利用的优化提出建策。基于土地适宜性提出天津市中心城区主要功能用地开发利用的生态安全优化方向。第六章是应用研究成果再次实证,选取中新生态城为例,对评价体系进行验证的同时,探索在生态城镇尺度对土地利用的生态安全评价与优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 City is the assemble of mankind modern civilization. Urban planning is a city-science which is to predict a city’s future development and is a means to meet the propose of the urban development for the economic, social and ecological space requirements, through land resources allocation in the urban areas constructed or to be constructed. Because the city’s living environment is gradual eroded by the crisis of pollution, resource depletion and ecological imbalance, urban planning, together with other disciplines, is trying to restore the health of urban systems. People gradually realized that in order to maintain urban civilization sustainable development, the city must be built based on the protection of ecological security and also realized that making the living space safe is an important basis for the eco-security system. Although the urban land in the central city is a small part of the total city land, but it is the largest intensity, highest intensity and strongest economic and social benefits artificial plaque within the total area, its advantages and disadvantages of the eco-security state will inevitably significant impact on the overall ecological environment.The land-use and land-layout for construction of central city is one of the main tasks of urban planning, it has a decisive role eventually make the eco-security target achieve, through physical carrier material. This thesis is based on the analysis of the relationship between the two factors, explores to build a interoperable bridge between the urban land use optimal allocation and the research about ecological security in the science of land resources, geography, ecology and other areas, combines the quantitative model with the spatial layout, makes the research results of these cross-cutting subjects play a direct role in the actual development of the city constructing activities. We hope that we can improve the urban ecological security effectively by means of the allocation of resources. Within the process of the combination of the multi-disciplinary, we build a methodology and technology framework which is about the urban land ecological security with double balanced of "quantitative and positioning" and utilization development of disaster prevention and mitigation, in order to guide the urban land and space use optimization and layout according to the current state of urban ecological security.This article starts from the introduction of definition of ecological security, research content and the theory and practice development of eco-security at home and abroad, analyses the relationship between urban land use and ecological safety at the epistemological aspect, constructs the urban ecological security objectives and evaluation system at the methodological aspect, and at the technological aspect gives workable advices of the combination of the quantity structure and spatial distribution for urban land-use in central city, with the example of the land use in the city center of Tianjin. At the same time, targeting the human living environment’s quality in central city of Tianjin, the thesis proposes the land use eco-security evaluation indicator, indicators’weights, the correlation between the urban land-use and the indicators, etc. We hope that it can benefit the land use adaptive optimization targeting urban ecological security and may have some reference to other cities in the aspect of land use optimization in order to have a better ecological security condition at technology methods, implementation strategies, etc.This thesis is divided into six chapters.Chapter One introduces the thesis topic background, purpose and significance, summarizes the research trends on urban land use and ecological security at home and abroad, gives a clear scope of the study and the research methods, and explains the contents of the study and research framework.Chapter Two focuses on the origins of the urban eco-security concept, definitions, basic theories, practices and the eco-city construction practice, summarizes the eco-safety problems people facing currently in China.Chapter Three regard the urban land use and ecological security both as single objects, discriminates the relationship between urban land use and ecological security from the angle of reaction and interactions between urban land us change and eco-security, describes the relationship of influence and constraint between the two research objects.As an example of Tianjin,Chapter Four discusses the relevant indicators for the eco-security of urban land use and integrates these indicators into a target system which is based on the experience, ideas and measures about the eco-city and sustainable city at home and abroad, and is also based on the analysis of the security condition of the urban land use in central city of Tianjin. And it proposes the technology framework of urban land use ecological security target system.Chapter Five gives the assessment of urban land use for ecological security (land use eco-security evaluation, LUESE) in Tianjin with the relevant research results, and on the basis of the evaluation results, discusses the relevance between the evaluation indicators and urban land use, gives recommendations to the quantitative structure of land use optimization for the current eco- security condition in central city of Tianjin, which is an optimization suggestions of the quantitative balance. Then, using the space syntax, it simulates the influence to the eco-security when the main urban land correlated to the eco-security most have different sites in the spatial layout in the central city, and give the optimization of the qualitative balance. Finally, it gives out the recommendations for definiting land for eco-security, optimizing the development and utilization of disaster prevention and strategies. Based on the land suitability, proposes the overall layout plan of urban land-use in central city of Tianjin——the main eco-security optimization directions of the functional urban land development and utilization.In Chapter Six, we select the Zhong Xin eco-city to have a second application with the research results, verify the evaluation system, and explore the eco-security evaluation and optimization for urban land use on middle-scale.更多还原