【作者】 戴亚文；

【导师】 李卓球；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 固体力学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着大跨度结构和超高层建筑的不断发展,大型土木工程结构健康监测(SHM)的研究与应用越来越受到学术界和工程界的重视。本文针对大型结构健康监测,根据无线分布式数据获取、分区、分层处理的设计思想,研究无线分布式结构健康监测系统的体系架构及其监测策略;在设计这种监测系统的实验原型的基础上,围绕无线分布式结构健康监测在工程实际应用中要解决的几个关键问题展开了研究。研究了无线分布式结构健康监测网络的同步采集方法、能量均衡方法、传感器优化布置方法、结构模态参数识别方法及其结构局部损伤识别方法。其主要包括以下几个方面:1.针对大型结构监测功能需求,分析了无线分布式监测的特点和优势,根据分布式获取、分区和分层处理的设计思想,设计了无线分布式结构健康监测系统的体系结构,并结合大型结构的长期在线监测的特殊性研究了无线分布式结构健康监测策略;自主研制了系列太阳能自供电的无线传感关键器件,建立了基于GPS授时同步和无线传感网络簇内双级同步的分布式结构监测系统实验原型,并对实验原型器件的性能和实用性进行了测试和验证。2.针对无线分布式结构健康监测系统的同步采集问题,提出了以预同步方法、双进程同步控制模型和时间信息平滑补偿算法为特点的逐级同步机制,实现了各节点间的高精度同步采集,为满足大型结构大范围同步监测提供了保证;同时分析了结构局部与整体监测的分布式无线传感网络能量均衡机制,提出了“驱逐”退避的轮巡值守调度机制和子网能量均衡路由算法,并进行了仿真分析,验证了算法的有效性。3.针对大型工程结构采用无线、分布式传感器网络如何识别结构模态参数,提出了将大跨度结构按串联子结构或并联子结构划分,进行分区识别和整体融合识别的方法。对无线传感器节点的布置方式,在模态能量法的基础上提出了一种基于单元应变能比例分布系数的优化布局方法,并结合有限元方法对武汉理工一桥传感器的布置进行了优化,给出了实际的布置方案,验证方法的有效性。4.针对大型、复杂工程结构自身结构的冗余性、损伤的局部性和缓变、渐变性导致结构损伤整体识别方法灵敏度不高,结合无线分布式传感网络具有局部损伤识别能力的优势,以无线传感器自组网络划分局部监测区域,利用邻域传感器的数据融合,提出一种基于EMD和NARX神经网络的局部损伤识别方法,通过观测子结构响应的统计分析提取结构状态的特征参数,识别结构状态退化或损伤,并通过室内试验验证了方法的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of long-span structure and super high-rise building, academic field and civil engineering field is laying increasing emphasis on study and application of structural health monitoring (SHM). As for large-scale structure SHM, according to wireless distributed data acquiring, zoning and layered processing, this paper studies its system structure and monitoring methods. Based on design of experimental monitoring system, there goes the study on the following critical methods of wireless distributed SHM practical application in engineering field: synchronous sampling, energy balancing, optimal sensor locating, structural modal parameter identifying, and structural local damage identifying.1. In this paper, it analyzes characteristics and advantages of wireless distributed SHM on the basis of large-scale SHM function. It designs structure of wireless distributed SHM system based on wireless distributed data acquiring, zoning and layered processing. It studies methods of wireless distributed SHM with its specialty of long-term and online monitoring. It develops wireless sensing key components of solar power supply. It creates experimental distributed SHM system with GPS synchronization and wireless sensor networks (WSN) two-stage synchronization. And it tests and proves the performance of experimental components.2. In this paper, as for wireless distributed SHM synchronous sampling, it indicates a step by step synchronization mechanism and ensures clock difference between each node less than 50us. It analyzes distributed WSN energy balancing mechanism of structural local and overall monitoring. And it proves the accuracy of routing algorithm for subnet energy balancing.3. In this paper, as for large-scale structure using wireless distributed sensor networks identifying structural modal parameter, it divides long-span structure into series sub-structure and parallel by local identifying and overall identifying. As for wireless sensor nodes locating, it proposes optimal locating method. And with finite element method, it optimizes sensor location of 1st bridge of Wuhan University of Technology and proves its validity. 4. In this paper, as for complicated large-scale structure, with local damage identification of wireless distributed sensor networks, it created a local damage identification method based on EMD and NARX neural network. It gets structure parameter by observing sub-structure response and proves feasibility of indoor experiment.更多还原