【作者】 王舒扬；

【导师】 宋昆； 王立雄；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本研究基于“寒冷气候区住宅节能技术标准与专题论证研究”课题(2008BAJ08B12-02),对北京、天津、河北、山西、山东等地18个镇42户农宅进行实地调研。调研对象在建筑设计、能源利用、营建方式、用能设备、基础设施等方面都存在较为严重的问题。导致农宅建设问题的直接诱因来自政策、经济、人力资源、思想观念多个层面,而我国城乡二元的结构矛盾与人地关系紧张的国情矛盾是导致农宅建设问题的根本原因。在此背景下,华北地区农村可持续住宅建设和设计的宏观定位是以农村居民的利益为核心,以可持续发展为出发点,使可持续农宅的建设在农村经济、社会、生态复合循环系统中发挥积极作用。研究分析了国家政策、民众参与、经济发展、规划定位在可持续农宅建设中的作用,提出创建支持可持续农宅建设与设计外部宏观环境的构想,即“欲支农,功夫在宅外”。研究从“适居”与“宜居”两个角度探讨了可持续农宅建筑设计与环境设计的手段。可持续农宅对于“适居”的追求,体现在运用适应性空间设计手段,通过住宅构件部品化、支撑体与可分体分离、弹性空间设计,颠覆预设农宅布局静止不变的传统思想,使农宅在空间上具有灵活性和包容性,以适应家庭生活横向的差异性和纵向的动态性；可持续农宅对于“宜居”的追求,体现在对农宅内外环境的设计中,提出以视觉设计、听觉设计、触觉设计、嗅觉设计作为自然美的表达途径,挖潜农村生活亲近自然的独特魅力。研究从“开源、节流”两方面探讨了可持续农宅的能源利用手段。“开源”即“开发利用可再生能源”,探讨了华北地区农宅利用太阳能、风能、生物质能的手段；“节流”即“高效利用能源”,借鉴城市住宅的设计经验,结合农村居民的生产生活方式及建材资源特色,通过墙体、地面、地下构件、屋面、门窗、热桥处理的设计,提高能源的利用效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is a research dissertation on the construction and design of rural housing and its topic is "the Researches on Construction and Design of the Sustainable Rural Housing in the Countryside of Cold Areas in North China". To make a good job of the researches, the writer participated in the work of Tianjin University’s research team of "the Researches on the Technical Standards of Energy-saving and Thematic Demonstration of the Housing in the Cold Climate Zones" and along with the said team, made on-the-spot investigations on the rural housing of 42 households in 18 towns of the cold areas in North China such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and etc. In light of the on-the-spot investigations, in the said thesis, the existing problems in respect of the design, construction and energy utilization of the rural housing in North China area are pointed out and the causes giving rise to such problems are seriously analyzed at various angles such as politics, economy, policy and the actual conditions in China. To push ahead with the work of construction and design of the sustainable rural housing, the writer has not only put forward the approach to solve the policy’s bottleneck impeding the construction and development of the countryside but also advanced the design methods suitable for the construction of the sustainable rural housing.Through analysis of the existing problems in the construction of rural housing, in the thesis, the writer asserts that the policy’s bottleneck impeding the construction and development of the countryside mainly lies in the long-term practice of the management system of "the dual structure of city and country" and proposes that the external environment favorable to the construction of sustainable rural housing be created by means of administrative support, public participation, economic feasibility and guiding role of planning.In the thesis, the architectural design and environmental design of the sustainable rural housing are elaborated at two angles of "suitable dwelling" and "pleasant dwelling". The thesis explains that the pursuit of "suitable dwelling" of the sustainable rural housing is embodied with the tactics of adoption of adaptability design of rural housing. By means of the design tactics of standardization and systemization of the parts of rural housing, separation of supporting members and separable members, spatial multi-adaptability and etc., the conventional concept that the predictive layout of the rural housing should be static and invariable is broken down for possessing the rural housing of more structural and spatial flexibility and inclusiveness so as to suit to the family’s lateral diversity and longitudinal dynamic characteristics. And the pursuit of "pleasant dwelling" of the sustainable rural housing is embodied in the design of the indoor and outdoor environment of the rural housing. So, the writer advocates striving to explore the sense of natural beauty, seeking the way of expression of natural beauty and tapping the unique glamour that the country life is close to the nature, through the design at four angles of vision, audition, tactility and olfaction.This thesis has also touched the issue of energy utilization of the sustainable rural housing from two aspects of "tapping new sources of supply" and "reducing consumption". "Tapping new sources of supply" means "developing and utilizing the renewable energy sources". And it probes into utilization of the renewable energy in the countryside of North China area including the multi-feasibility and design tactics for the utilization of solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy. "Reducing the consumption" means "the efficient utilization of energy". And it explores the efficient utilization of energy sources by means of the design of wall, roof, floor and underground component parts, door and windows as well as the treatment of heat-bridge, drawing on the mature experience of urban residence while taking the life style of rural residents and the characteristic of the sources of building materials into consideration.更多还原